What is the hybridization of each of the C, N, and O atoms in ...

Question

What is the hybridization of each of the C, N, and O atoms in the following compounds:

Chemical structures of two organic compounds featuring carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Accepted Answer

All right. Hi, everyone. So for this question is to determine the appropriate hybridization of every carbon, every nitrogen and every oxygen atom in these chemical structures. So before we begin, let's recall how to determine the hybridization of a given atom. So I like to think about it as counting the total number of groups, so to speak, that are directly connected to your atom of interest. So when I say groups, I'm referring to two different categories, I'm referring first of all to the number of atoms that are connected to your atom in question. But I'm also referring to any potential lone pairs of electrons. So your total number of Adam's connected plus your total number of lone pairs equals your number of groups in air quotes. Now, if you have four groups bonded to a given Adam, it is going to be sp three hybridized, three groups means that it is sp two hybridized and two groups indicates that it is sp hybridized. So let's go ahead and apply this discussion to each of our chemical structures here starting with the molecule on the left side. Now, the molecule on the left side, I want to kind of focus on specific parts of each molecule, right, the first of which I'm going to focus on is this fennel group that we have on the left side here. Now, each carbon in our fennel group is going to be connected to two carbon atoms plus one hydrogen. So that's three atoms connected plus zero lone pairs of electrons, which means that they are going to be S P two hybridized. So you can go ahead and kind of fill it out just by going ahead and stating That each of these are going to be SP two hybridized. Yeah. So that's SP two also sp two, Not SP two. So now I want to focus on this Esther that we have on the right side here because if we focus our attention on oxygen on this carbon oxygen, it has two lone pairs of electrons and it's bonded, it's connected to one other atom in this case, carbon. So one atom connected plus two lone pairs equals three groups in total. So that once again is sp two hybridization and your carbon, no carbon is also going to be sp two hybridized because it is directly attached to three atoms and it has zero lone pairs. Now, if we focus our attention on the other oxygen, the single bonded oxygen of our ester, it has two atoms connected to it, both of which are carbons in this case. And we have two lone pairs of electrons. So two plus two equals four groups indicating that it is sp three hybridized. And similarly, right, this method group next to the oxygen, the sp three oxygen of our ester, it's connected to oxygen and three hydrogen. So that's four atoms connected plus zero lone pairs equals four groups, meaning it's sp three hybridized. So now let's focus this attention, our attention to this carbon here kind of in the center of our chemical structure, right? Because this carbon is connected to four other atoms, all of which are carbon in this case, and it has zero lone pairs of electrons. So that means that it is sp three hybridized and also right, this ring on the bottom here with our nitrogen attached, all of our carbons are going to be sp three hybridized because if we look on the side here, we have connections to two atoms to carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms which are not drawn. So that's four groups, meaning that they are sp three hybridized. So, lastly, right, our nitrogen here has three atoms connected two carbons and a hydrogen plus one lone pair of electrons. So that's four groups, meaning it's sp three hybridized. Alright. So now we made it through one part and now let's go ahead and apply that to the second chemical structure on the right side. So This NH three plus here, our nitrogen is going to be connected to four atoms, one carbon and three hydrogen and it has zero lone pairs. So that's four groups, meaning it's sp three hybridized. And now, because we did the first chemical structure, first, We can recall that these carbons and our fennel groups are each going to be SP two hybridized. So I'm just gonna go ahead and, right. The same thing for a little bit here. Mhm. Right. They're all SP two hybridized. Yeah. So now we can focus our attention on our remaining carbons, right? Because this carbon atom right here on the center, that one is connected to three carbon atoms and one hydrogen. So that's four atoms connected plus zero, lone pairs equals four groups and sp three hybridization. Now the carbon connected to or NH three plus that one is connected to two atoms. Yeah, we're sorry for atoms because we have two hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon. So it's four groups, meaning it's also sp three hybridized. So last but not least, right, this final carbon here in the pans Illich position of ours fennel group on the bottom, it's connected to two carbons and two hydrogen, meaning we have four groups and it is sp three hybridized. Mhm. So we went through absolutely everything and this is going to correspond to option B within the multiple choice. So if you stuck around to the end, thank you so much for watching. And I hope you found this helpful

What is the hybridization of each of the C, N, and O atoms in the following compounds:

Concetti chiave

Hybridization

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory

Functional Groups

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