IndietroTriacylglycerol Reactions: Hydrolysis definitions
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1/15IndietroSkip to main contentIndietroSaponification
Base-catalyzed process breaking ester bonds in triglycerides to yield glycerol and fatty acid salts, key in soap production. Triglyceride
Molecule with three fatty acid chains esterified to a glycerol backbone, main substrate in hydrolysis reactions. Ester Linkage
Bond connecting fatty acid chains to glycerol, targeted and cleaved during hydrolysis reactions. Carboxylate Anion
Negatively charged species formed from fatty acids during base-catalyzed hydrolysis, paired with metal cations. Glycerol
Three-carbon alcohol produced as a byproduct in both acid and base hydrolysis of triglycerides. Fatty Acid
Long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group, released from triglycerides during hydrolysis. Sodium Hydroxide
Strong base used in saponification, leading to the formation of solid soap from triglycerides. Potassium Hydroxide
Strong base used in saponification, resulting in the production of liquid soap. Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
Mechanism involving nucleophilic attack, leaving group loss, and proton transfer, central to hydrolysis of esters. Hydronium Ion
Protonated water molecule acting as an acid catalyst in acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of triglycerides. Carboxylic Acid
Product formed from fatty acids during acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, featuring a carbonyl and hydroxyl group. Alkoxide Ion
Leaving group generated during base-catalyzed hydrolysis, later protonated to form part of glycerol. Lipase
Digestive enzyme catalyzing hydrolysis of triglycerides under mild conditions, yielding glycerol and fatty acids. Proton Transfer
Step involving movement of a hydrogen ion, crucial in both acid and base hydrolysis mechanisms. Leaving Group
Fragment that departs during nucleophilic acyl substitution, facilitating bond cleavage in hydrolysis.
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