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In glycolysis, why must glucose-6-phosphate isomerize to fructose-6-phosphate (Section 22.12 ) before the cleavage reaction with aldolase occurs?
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Ch. 22 - Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions
Bruice8th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213711
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding31
- Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry84
- Ch. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds: Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure183
- Ch. 4 - Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space121
- Ch. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics83
- Ch. 6 - The Reactions of Alkenes • The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions175
- Ch. 7 - The Reactions of Alkynes • An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis119
- Ch. 8 - Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction • Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction to the Reactions of Benzene148
- Ch. 9 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides212
- Ch. 10 - Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds131
- Ch. 11 - Organometallic Compounds60
- Ch. 12 - Radicals90
- Ch. 13 - Mass Spectrometry; Infrared Spectroscopy; UV/Vis Spectroscopy62
- Ch. 14 - NMR Spectroscopy95
- Ch. 15 - Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives123
- Ch. 16 - Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives141
- Ch. 17 - Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon101
- Ch. 18 - Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes144
- Ch. 19 - More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds49
- Ch. 20 - The Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates80
- Ch. 21 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins57
- Ch. 22 - Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions35
- Ch. 23 - The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes—Compounds Derived from Vitamins1
- Ch. 28 - Pericyclic Reactions58
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Bruice 8th EditionCh. 22 - Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic ReactionsProblema 26
Bruice 8th EditionCh. 22 - Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic ReactionsProblema 26Capitolo 22, Problema 26
Which of the following amino acid side chains can form an imine with a substrate?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Understand the concept of imine formation: An imine is formed when a primary amine reacts with a carbonyl group (typically an aldehyde or ketone). The reaction involves the nucleophilic attack of the amine on the carbonyl carbon, followed by dehydration to form the imine.
Identify amino acid side chains that contain a primary amine group: In the context of amino acids, the side chain must have a primary amine group to participate in imine formation. Examples include lysine, which has an ε-amino group in its side chain.
Consider the reactivity of the primary amine: The primary amine in the side chain must be accessible and reactive enough to interact with the substrate's carbonyl group. Lysine's ε-amino group is a good candidate due to its nucleophilicity.
Exclude amino acids without primary amines in their side chains: Amino acids like alanine, valine, and phenylalanine do not have primary amines in their side chains and cannot form imines with a substrate.
Conclude that lysine is the amino acid side chain most likely to form an imine with a substrate due to the presence of its reactive ε-amino group.
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Amino Acid Structure
Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. Each amino acid consists of a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain (R group). The nature of the side chain determines the chemical properties and reactivity of the amino acid, including its ability to form imines.
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7:19
Charged Amino Acids
Imine Formation
Imine formation occurs when a carbonyl compound, such as an aldehyde or ketone, reacts with an amine. This reaction involves the nucleophilic attack of the amine on the carbonyl carbon, leading to the release of water and the formation of a double bond between the nitrogen and carbon, resulting in an imine. Understanding this reaction is crucial for identifying which amino acid side chains can participate in imine formation.
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06:23Imine Mechanism
Functional Groups in Amino Acids
The side chains of amino acids can contain various functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine groups. Amino acids with primary amine groups in their side chains, like lysine, are particularly relevant for imine formation, as they can directly react with carbonyl compounds. Recognizing the functional groups present in the side chains is essential for determining their reactivity and potential to form imines.
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02:36Identifying Functional Groups
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