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What is the index of hydrogen deficiency for each of the following molecular formulas?
(d) C9H12N2O2
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Ch. 8 - Alkenes 1: Properties and Electrophilic Additions
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons114
- Ch. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational Analysis109
- Ch. 4 - Acids and Bases/Electron Flow144
- Ch. 5 - Chemical Reaction Analysis: Thermodynamics and Kinetics118
- Ch. 6 - Stereoisomerism: Arrangement of Atoms in Space112
- Ch. 7 - Principles of Green (Organic) Chemistry3
- Ch. 8 - Alkenes 1: Properties and Electrophilic Additions158
- Ch. 9 - Alkenes 2: Oxidation and Reduction150
- Ch. 10 - Alkynes: Electrophilic Addition and Redox Reactions101
- Ch. 11 - Properties and Synthesis of Alkyl Halides: Radical Reactions108
- Ch. 12 - Substitution and Elimination: Reactions of Haloalkanes172
- Ch. 13 - Alcohols, Ethers and Related Compounds: Substitution and Elimination239
- Ch. 14 - Structural Identification 1: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry54
- Ch. 15 - Structural Identification 2: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy93
- Ch. 16 - Metals in Organic Chemistry48
- Ch. 17 - Carbonyl Addition Reactions: Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch. 18 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution 1: Carboxylic Acids18
- Ch. 19 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution 2: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives39
- Ch. 20 - Enolates: Carbonyl Addition and Substitution13
- Ch. 21 - Conjugated Systems 1: Stability and Addition Reactions56
- Ch. 22 - Conjugated Systems 2: Pericyclic Reactions54
- Ch. 23 - Benzene 1: Aromatic Stability and Substitution Reactions64
- Ch. 24 - Benzene 2: Reactions Influenced by the Aromatic Ring62
- Ch. 25 - Amines: Structure, Reactions, and Synthesis27
- Ch. 26 - Amino Acids, Proteins, and Peptide Synthesis9
- Ch. 27 - Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids54
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Mullins 1st EditionCh. 8 - Alkenes 1: Properties and Electrophilic AdditionsProblema 7c
Mullins 1st EditionCh. 8 - Alkenes 1: Properties and Electrophilic AdditionsProblema 7cCapitolo 7, Problema 7c
What is the index of hydrogen deficiency for each of the following molecular formulas?
(c) C8H14Cl2
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Step 1: Understand the concept of the Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD). The IHD, also known as the degree of unsaturation, indicates the number of rings, double bonds, or triple bonds in a molecule. Each degree of unsaturation corresponds to the loss of two hydrogens compared to a fully saturated alkane.
Step 2: Use the general formula for calculating IHD: IHD = (2C + 2 - H + N - X) / 2, where C is the number of carbons, H is the number of hydrogens, N is the number of nitrogens, and X is the number of halogens (e.g., Cl, Br, I).
Step 3: Substitute the values from the molecular formula C₈H₁₄Cl₂ into the IHD formula. Here, C = 8, H = 14, and X = 2 (for the two chlorine atoms). There are no nitrogens in this molecule, so N = 0.
Step 4: Perform the substitution into the formula: IHD = (2(8) + 2 - 14 + 0 - 2) / 2. Simplify the expression step by step to determine the IHD value.
Step 5: Interpret the result. The calculated IHD value will tell you the number of rings and/or multiple bonds present in the molecule. For example, an IHD of 1 indicates one double bond or one ring, while an IHD of 2 could indicate two double bonds, one triple bond, or one ring and one double bond.
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Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD)
The Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD) is a measure used in organic chemistry to determine the degree of unsaturation in a molecular formula. It indicates the number of rings and/or multiple bonds present in a compound. Each double bond or ring contributes one to the IHD, while each triple bond contributes two. The formula for calculating IHD is IHD = (2C + 2 + N - H - X) / 2, where C is the number of carbons, N is the number of nitrogens, H is the number of hydrogens, and X is the number of halogens.
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Molecular Formula Interpretation
A molecular formula provides the number and types of atoms in a molecule but does not convey structural information. In the formula C₈H₁₄Cl₂, there are 8 carbon atoms, 14 hydrogen atoms, and 2 chlorine atoms. Understanding how to interpret this formula is crucial for calculating the IHD, as it allows for the identification of the elements involved and their contributions to the overall structure and saturation of the compound.
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Halogens in IHD Calculation
Halogens, such as chlorine, are treated similarly to hydrogen in the IHD calculation. Each halogen atom present in the molecular formula effectively replaces a hydrogen atom, which influences the degree of saturation. In the case of C₈H₁₄Cl₂, the two chlorine atoms reduce the number of hydrogen atoms that would otherwise be present, thus affecting the overall calculation of the IHD and the interpretation of the compound's structure.
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