a. Draw an approximate reaction-energy diagram for the acid–base reaction of phenol (see below) with 1-molar aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
b. On the same diagram, draw an approximate reaction-energy diagram for the acid–base reaction of tert-butyl alcohol (see below) with 1-molar aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.

Consider the following reaction-energy diagram.

a. Label the reactants and the products. Label the activation energy for the first step and the second step.

b. Is the overall reaction endothermic or exothermic? What is the sign of ΔH°?

c. Which points in the curve correspond to intermediates? Which correspond to transition states?

d. Label the transition state of the rate-limiting step. Does its structure resemble the reactants, the products, or an ­intermediate?

Draw a reaction-energy diagram for a two-step endothermic reaction with a rate-limiting second step.

Label each hydrogen atom in the following compounds as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°).

(a) CH₃CH₂CH(CH₃)₂

(b) (CH3)₃CCH₂CH₃

Treatment of tert-butyl alcohol with concentrated HCl gives tert-butyl chloride.

When the concentration of H⁺ is doubled, the reaction rate doubles. When the concentration of tert-butyl alcohol is tripled, the reaction rate triples. When the chloride ion concentration is quadrupled, however, the reaction rate is unchanged. Write the rate equation for this reaction.

Label each hydrogen atom in the following compounds as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°).

(c) (CH₃)₂CHCH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃

(d)

Draw a reaction-energy diagram for a one-step exothermic reaction. Label the parts that represent the reactants, products, transition state, activation energy, and heat of reaction.