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Electric Fields and Forces - Physics

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Termini in questo insieme (22)

  • What are the two types of electric charge?

    Positive and negative charges.

  • What does Coulomb's law describe?

    The force between two point charges, proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

  • State Coulomb's law formula for the magnitude of the force between two charges.

    \(F = k \frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}\), where k is the electrostatic constant.

  • What is the direction of the electric force between like and unlike charges?

    Repulsive for like charges, attractive for opposite charges.

  • What is an electric field?

    A vector field around a charge that exerts a force on other charges placed in the field.

  • How is the electric field E at a point defined in terms of force F and charge q?

    \(\mathbf{E} = \frac{\mathbf{F}}{q}\)

  • What is the unit of electric field strength?

    Newtons per coulomb (N/C).

  • Describe the electric field of a positive point charge.

    Field vectors radiate outward from the positive charge.

  • Describe the electric field of a negative point charge.

    Field vectors point inward toward the negative charge.

  • What is the electric field formula for a point charge q at distance r?

    \(E = k \frac{|q|}{r^2}\)

  • What is a dipole in electric terms?

    Two equal but opposite charges separated by a distance.

  • What happens to a dipole in a uniform electric field?

    It experiences a torque that tends to align the dipole moment with the field.

  • What is the electric dipole moment?

    A vector pointing from the negative charge to the positive charge of the dipole.

  • What is the electric field inside a parallel-plate capacitor?

    Uniform in magnitude and direction, pointing from the positive to the negative plate.

  • How does the electric field strength between parallel plates depend on charge and plate area?

    It depends on the charge-to-area ratio (charge density); more charge or smaller area increases the field.

  • What is the electric field inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium?

    Zero everywhere inside the conductor.

  • Where does excess charge reside on a conductor?

    On the surface of the conductor.

  • How is the electric field oriented at the surface of a charged conductor?

    Perpendicular to the surface.

  • What is charge polarization?

    The slight separation of positive and negative charges in a neutral object when near a charged object.

  • What is the principle of conservation of charge?

    Charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one object to another.

  • How do insulators and conductors differ in terms of charge movement?

    Conductors allow charge to move freely; insulators do not.

  • What is the force on a charge q in an electric field E?

    \(\mathbf{F} = q \mathbf{E}\)