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Momentum and Impulse in Physics with Calculus

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  • How would Newton describe momentum?

    Inertia in motion.

  • What is the definition of momentum?

    Momentum is the object’s mass times its velocity.

  • What are the standard units of momentum?

    Kg·m/s (kilogram meters per second) or N·s (Newton-seconds).

  • How can a heavy truck and a light automobile have the same momentum?

    If the heavy truck has a smaller velocity than the light automobile.

  • How can a car and a skateboard have the same momentum?

    The skateboard is moving much faster than the car.

  • Is momentum a scalar or a vector quantity?

    Momentum is a vector, with both magnitude and direction.

  • What does the momentum-impulse relationship state about change in momentum?

    The change in an object’s momentum during a time interval equals the net force times the duration of that interval.

  • Why are airbags great safety features according to the momentum-impulse relationship?

    Airbags decrease the force on the driver by increasing the time it takes to stop.

  • When is the impulse on an object the greatest?

    When an object bounces.

  • What is impulse essentially the same as?

    Newton’s second law.

  • What must be true for the momentum of a system to be conserved?

    No net external force is exerted on the system during the process.

  • What happens to total momentum during a collision between two hockey players?

    During the brief collision, the total momentum of the two players (the system) is conserved.

  • What is an example of an elastic collision?

    A collision between two bumper cars.

  • What is an example of an inelastic collision?

    A ball being caught in a glove.

  • What explains why a gun recoils after being fired?

    The law of conservation of momentum.

  • If two identical balls of putty move toward each other at the same speed, what is their total momentum?

    Their total momentum is zero.

  • Can an object have more than one momentum at a given moment?

    No, an object always has one unique velocity and one unique mass at any given moment.

  • What could cause a change in an object’s momentum?

    A change in the object’s mass, velocity, or a force acting on it.

  • In which process is the momentum of a skydiver conserved?

    When the skydiver falls at a steady speed with her parachute deployed.

  • In which systems is net momentum conserved?

    Cars colliding, but not in radioactive decay or stars exploding.

  • If some quantity Z is conserved for a system during a process, what does that mean?

    Z does not change in any way during that process.

  • If two cars have the same mass and speed, do they always have the same momentum?

    They might have the same momentum but might not, depending on direction.

  • Before a tackle, if one child runs east at 3 m/s and another south at 4 m/s, in what direction does the total momentum point?

    Somewhere south of east, but not more specific without calculation.