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Newton's First Law and Related Concepts

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • Aristotle's classification of motion

    Natural motion is movement toward an object's proper place (earth, water, air, fire). Violent motion is caused by external pushes or pulls.

  • Galileo's concept of inertia

    Objects in motion stay in motion unless acted on by friction or another force. Inertia is a property of matter resisting changes in motion.

  • Newton's First Law of Motion

    Every object continues in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted on by a nonzero net force.

  • Net force

    The vector sum of all forces acting on an object, determining its acceleration.

  • Vector quantity

    A quantity with both magnitude and direction, represented by arrows.

  • Scalar quantity

    A quantity with only magnitude, no direction.

  • Resultant vector

    The vector sum of two or more vectors, found by arithmetic addition or the parallelogram rule.

  • Equilibrium rule

    The vector sum of forces on a nonaccelerating object equals zero: \(\sum F=0\).

  • Support force (normal force)

    An upward force that balances the force of gravity on an object resting on a surface.

  • Static equilibrium

    An object at rest with no net force acting on it.

  • Dynamic equilibrium

    An object moving at constant velocity with no net force acting on it.

  • Friction force in equilibrium

    When pushing an object at steady speed, the applied force equals the friction force.

  • Inertia explained by Galileo

    A moving object needs no force to keep moving if friction is absent.

  • Effect of inclined planes in Galileo's experiments

    Inclined planes helped Galileo discover inertia by reducing acceleration effects.

  • How to find net force with opposing forces

    Subtract smaller force from larger; direction is that of the larger force.

  • Parallelogram rule for vectors

    Used to find the resultant of two vectors not aligned in the same or opposite directions.

  • Tension in ropes at different angles

    Tensions differ due to angles; vector sum of tensions balances the weight in equilibrium.

  • Why a coin tossed inside a moving vehicle lands in your hand

    Due to inertia, the coin maintains the vehicle's sideways velocity while moving up and down.

  • Difference between natural and violent motion (Aristotle)

    Natural motion is inherent and directed to an object's proper place; violent motion results from external forces.

  • Definition of force

    A push or pull that can change an object's motion.