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Ch 02: Motion Along a Straight Line
Young & Freedman Calc - University Physics 14th Edition
Young & Freedman Calc14th EditionUniversity PhysicsISBN: 9780321973610Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 2, Problema 9a

A ball moves in a straight line (the xx-axis). The graph in Fig. E2.92.9 shows this ball's velocity as a function of time. What are the ball's average speed and average velocity during the first 3.03.0 s?
Velocity-time graph depicting a ball's velocity with a step change from 2 m/s to 3 m/s over 3 seconds.

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1
Examine the velocity-time graph to determine the velocity of the ball at different time intervals. From 0 to 2 seconds, the velocity is 2 m/s, and from 2 to 3 seconds, the velocity is 3 m/s.
Calculate the displacement for each time interval. For the first interval (0 to 2 seconds), use the formula: displacement = velocity × time. For the second interval (2 to 3 seconds), use the same formula.
Add the displacements from each interval to find the total displacement over the first 3 seconds.
Calculate the average velocity using the formula: average velocity = total displacement / total time. Here, the total time is 3 seconds.
To find the average speed, calculate the total distance traveled (which is the same as the total displacement in this case since the motion is in a straight line) and divide it by the total time (3 seconds).

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Average Speed

Average speed is defined as the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken. It is a scalar quantity, meaning it only has magnitude and no direction. In the context of the given problem, to find the average speed, one would need to calculate the distance covered by the ball during the specified time interval and divide it by that time.
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Solving Constant and Average Velocity Problems

Average Velocity

Average velocity is the total displacement divided by the total time taken. Unlike average speed, average velocity is a vector quantity, which means it has both magnitude and direction. In this scenario, the average velocity can be determined by assessing the change in position of the ball over the time interval, taking into account the direction of motion.
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Solving Constant and Average Velocity Problems

Velocity-Time Graph

A velocity-time graph visually represents an object's velocity as a function of time. The slope of the graph indicates acceleration, while the area under the curve represents displacement. In the provided graph, the step changes in velocity indicate constant speeds over specific time intervals, which are crucial for calculating both average speed and average velocity during the first 3 seconds.
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Velocity-Time Graphs & Acceleration
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