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Ch 02: Motion Along a Straight Line
Young & Freedman Calc - University Physics 14th Edition
Young & Freedman Calc14th EditionUniversity PhysicsISBN: 9780321973610Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 2, Problema 30b

A cat walks in a straight line, which we shall call the xx-axis, with the positive direction to the right. As an observant physicist, you make measurements of this cat's motion and construct a graph of the feline's velocity as a function of time (Fig. E2.302.30). What is the cat's acceleration at t=3.0t = 3.0 s? At t=6.0t = 6.0 s? At t=7.0t = 7.0 s?
Velocity-time graph showing a linear decrease from 8 cm/s at 0s to 0 cm/s at 6s, continuing to -2 cm/s at 7s.

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To find the acceleration at a specific time, we need to determine the slope of the velocity-time graph at that time. The slope of the graph represents the acceleration.
Identify the points on the graph at t = 3.0 s, t = 6.0 s, and t = 7.0 s. From the graph, at t = 3.0 s, the velocity v is -2 m/s; at t = 6.0 s, v is 1 m/s; and at t = 7.0 s, v is 2 m/s.
Calculate the slope of the graph between two points to find the acceleration. The formula for the slope (acceleration) is: \( a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} \), where \( \Delta v \) is the change in velocity and \( \Delta t \) is the change in time.
For t = 3.0 s, use the points (2.0 s, -3 m/s) and (4.0 s, -1 m/s) to calculate the slope: \( a = \frac{-1 - (-3)}{4.0 - 2.0} \).
For t = 6.0 s and t = 7.0 s, observe that the graph is a straight line, indicating constant acceleration. Use any two points on the line to calculate the slope, such as (5.0 s, 0 m/s) and (7.0 s, 2 m/s): \( a = \frac{2 - 0}{7.0 - 5.0} \).

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Velocity-Time Graph

A velocity-time graph represents an object's velocity over time, with velocity on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. The slope of the graph indicates acceleration, as it shows how velocity changes with time. A straight line suggests constant acceleration, while a curved line indicates changing acceleration.
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Velocity-Time Graphs & Acceleration

Acceleration

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time. It is calculated as the slope of the velocity-time graph, which is the change in velocity divided by the change in time. Positive acceleration indicates increasing velocity, while negative acceleration indicates decreasing velocity.
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Intro to Acceleration

Slope Calculation

To find the acceleration at specific times, calculate the slope of the velocity-time graph at those points. The slope is determined by the rise over run, or the change in velocity divided by the change in time between two points on the graph. This provides the acceleration value at any given time.
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A cat walks in a straight line, which we shall call the xx-axis, with the positive direction to the right. As an observant physicist, you make measurements of this cat's motion and construct a graph of the feline's velocity as a function of time (Fig. E2.302.30). Find the cat's velocity at t=4.0t = 4.0 s and at t=7.0t = 7.0 s.

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