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Ch 22: Gauss' Law
Young & Freedman Calc - University Physics 14th Edition
Young & Freedman Calc14th EditionUniversity PhysicsISBN: 9780321973610Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 22, Problema 12a

The nuclei of large atoms, such as uranium, with 9292 protons, can be modeled as spherically symmetric spheres of charge. The radius of the uranium nucleus is approximately 7.4×10−157.4\(\times\)10^{-15} m. What is the electric field this nucleus produces just outside its surface?

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1
Understand that the electric field produced by a spherically symmetric charge distribution outside the sphere can be treated as if all the charge were concentrated at the center of the sphere. This is due to Gauss's Law.
Calculate the total charge of the uranium nucleus. Since uranium has 92 protons, the charge can be calculated using the formula: Q=92×e, where e is the elementary charge, approximately 1.6×10^-19C.
Apply Gauss's Law to find the electric field just outside the surface of the nucleus. Gauss's Law states: E×A=Qε0, where E is the electric field, A is the surface area of the sphere, and ε0 is the permittivity of free space, approximately 8.85×10^-12C/N·m^2.
Calculate the surface area of the sphere using the formula: A=4πr^2, where r is the radius of the nucleus, given as 7.4×10^-15m.
Substitute the values of Q, A, and ε0 into Gauss's Law to solve for the electric field E just outside the surface of the uranium nucleus.

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Electric Field

The electric field is a vector field around a charged object where a force would be exerted on other charges. It is defined as the force per unit charge and is measured in newtons per coulomb (N/C). For a spherically symmetric charge distribution, the electric field just outside the surface can be calculated using Gauss's Law.
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Intro to Electric Fields

Gauss's Law

Gauss's Law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the charge enclosed by that surface. It states that the total electric flux is equal to the enclosed charge divided by the permittivity of free space. For a spherical charge distribution, this simplifies the calculation of the electric field outside the surface.
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Spherically Symmetric Charge Distribution

A spherically symmetric charge distribution means the charge is uniformly distributed over a spherical volume. This symmetry allows simplification in calculating the electric field, as the field at any point outside the sphere depends only on the total charge and the distance from the center, not the specific distribution within the sphere.
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Solving Symmetric Launch Problems
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The nuclei of large atoms, such as uranium, with 9292 protons, can be modeled as spherically symmetric spheres of charge. The radius of the uranium nucleus is approximately 7.4×10−157.4\(\times\)10^{-15} m. The electrons can be modeled as forming a uniform shell of negative charge. What net electric field do they produce at the location of the nucleus?

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