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Ch. 3 - Probability
Larson - Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World 8th Edition
Larson8th EditionElementary Statistics: Picturing the WorldISBN: 9780137493470Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 3, Problema 3.2.29a

Using the Multiplication Rule In Exercises 19-32, use the Multiplication Rule.
29. In Vitro Fertilization In a recent year, about 1.9% of all infants born in the U.S. were conceived through assisted reproductive technology (ART). Of the ART deliveries, about 26.4% resulted in multiple births. (Source: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)
a. Find the probability that a randomly selected infant was conceived through ART and was part of a multiple birth.

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Understand the problem: We are tasked with finding the probability that a randomly selected infant was conceived through ART and was part of a multiple birth. This involves using the Multiplication Rule for probabilities.
Recall the Multiplication Rule: The probability of two events A and B both occurring is given by P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B|A), where P(B|A) is the probability of event B occurring given that event A has occurred.
Identify the events: Let event A be 'an infant was conceived through ART' and event B be 'an infant was part of a multiple birth given that they were conceived through ART.' From the problem, P(A) = 0.019 (1.9%) and P(B|A) = 0.264 (26.4%).
Apply the Multiplication Rule: Substitute the given probabilities into the formula P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B|A). This becomes P(A and B) = 0.019 × 0.264.
Interpret the result: The product of these probabilities will give the probability that a randomly selected infant was conceived through ART and was part of a multiple birth. Perform the multiplication to find the final probability.

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Multiplication Rule

The Multiplication Rule in probability states that the probability of two independent events occurring together is the product of their individual probabilities. In this context, it helps calculate the likelihood of an infant being conceived through assisted reproductive technology (ART) and also being part of a multiple birth. This rule is essential for combining probabilities in scenarios where events are dependent or independent.
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Probability of Multiple Independent Events

Conditional Probability

Conditional probability refers to the probability of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred. In this question, understanding the probability of multiple births given that an infant was conceived through ART is crucial. This concept allows us to refine our calculations by focusing on the specific conditions of the events involved.
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Introduction to Probability

Joint Probability

Joint probability is the probability of two events happening at the same time. In this case, it involves finding the probability that an infant is both conceived through ART and is part of a multiple birth. This concept is key to solving the problem, as it combines the probabilities of the two related events into a single measure.
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Percorso guidato
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Introduction to Probability
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