Aircraft Seat Width Engineers want to design seats in commercial aircraft so that they are wide enough to fit 99% of all adults. (Accommodating 100% of adults would require very wide seats that would be much too expensive.) Assume adults have hip widths that are normally distributed with a mean of 14.3 in. and a standard deviation of 0.9 in. (based on data from Applied Ergonomics). Find P99. That is, find the hip width for adults that separates the smallest 99% from the largest 1%.

Water Taxi Safety When a water taxi sank in Baltimore’s Inner Harbor, an investigation revealed that the safe passenger load for the water taxi was 3500 lb. It was also noted that the mean weight of a passenger was assumed to be 140 lb. Assume a “worst-case” scenario in which all of the passengers are adult men. Assume that weights of men are normally distributed with a mean of 188.6 lb and a standard deviation of 38.9 lb (based on Data Set 1 “Body Data” in Appendix B).

c. With a load limit of 3500 lb, how many male passengers are allowed if we assume the updated mean weight of 188.6 lb?

In Exercises 25–28, use these parameters (based on Data Set 1 “Body Data” in Appendix B):

Men’s heights are normally distributed with mean 68.6 in. and standard deviation 2.8 in.

Women’s heights are normally distributed with mean 63.7 in. and standard deviation 2.9 in.

Snow White Disney World requires that women employed as a Snow White character must have a height between 64 in. and 67 in.

a. Find the percentage of women meeting the height requirement.

Durations of Pregnancies The lengths of pregnancies are normally distributed with a mean of 268 days and a standard deviation of 15 days.

a. In a letter to “Dear Abby,” a wife claimed to have given birth 308 days after a brief visit from her husband, who was working in another country. Find the probability of a pregnancy lasting 308 days or longer. What does the result suggest?

Designing Helmets Engineers must consider the circumferences of adult heads when designing motorcycle helmets. Adult head circumferences are normally distributed with a mean of 570.0 mm and a standard deviation of 18.3 mm (based on Data Set 3 “ANSUR II 2012”). Due to financial constraints, the helmets will be designed to fit all adults except those with head circumferences that are in the smallest 5% or largest 5%. Find the minimum and maximum head circumferences that the helmets will fit.

Water Taxi Safety When a water taxi sank in Baltimore’s Inner Harbor, an investigation revealed that the safe passenger load for the water taxi was 3500 lb. It was also noted that the mean weight of a passenger was assumed to be 140 lb. Assume a “worst-case” scenario in which all of the passengers are adult men. Assume that weights of men are normally distributed with a mean of 188.6 lb and a standard deviation of 38.9 lb (based on Data Set 1 “Body Data” in Appendix B).

a. If one man is randomly selected, find the probability that he weighs less than 174 lb (the new value suggested by the National Transportation and Safety Board).

In Exercises 25–28, use these parameters (based on Data Set 1 “Body Data” in Appendix B):

Men’s heights are normally distributed with mean 68.6 in. and standard deviation 2.8 in.

Women’s heights are normally distributed with mean 63.7 in. and standard deviation 2.9 in.

Mickey Mouse Disney World requires that people employed as a Mickey Mouse character must have a height between 56 in. and 62 in.

a. Find the percentage of men meeting the height requirement. What does the result suggest about the genders of the people who are employed as Mickey Mouse characters?