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Ch. 1 - Angles and the Trigonometric Functions
Blitzer - Trigonometry 3rd Edition
Blitzer3rd EditionTrigonometryISBN: 9780137316601Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 1, Problema 12

In Exercises 9–16, evaluate the trigonometric function at the quadrantal angle, or state that the expression is undefined. csc 𝜋

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Recall that the cosecant function is the reciprocal of the sine function, so \(\csc \theta = \frac{1}{\sin \theta}\).
Identify the angle given: \(\pi\) radians, which is a quadrantal angle located on the negative x-axis of the unit circle.
Evaluate \(\sin \pi\). Since \(\sin \pi = 0\), substitute this value into the reciprocal expression for cosecant.
Since \(\csc \pi = \frac{1}{\sin \pi} = \frac{1}{0}\), recognize that division by zero is undefined.
Conclude that \(\csc \pi\) is undefined because the sine of \(\pi\) is zero, making the reciprocal undefined.

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Quadrantal Angles

Quadrantal angles are angles that lie on the x- or y-axis in the unit circle, typically multiples of π/2 (e.g., 0, π/2, π, 3π/2). These angles have special sine and cosine values, often 0, ±1, which affect the evaluation of trigonometric functions.
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Quadratic Formula

Cosecant Function (csc)

The cosecant function is the reciprocal of the sine function, defined as csc(θ) = 1/sin(θ). It is undefined wherever sin(θ) = 0, which commonly occurs at quadrantal angles like 0, π, and 2π.
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Graphs of Secant and Cosecant Functions

Evaluating Trigonometric Functions at Specific Angles

To evaluate trigonometric functions at specific angles, substitute the angle into the function and use known sine and cosine values from the unit circle. For quadrantal angles, check if the function is defined or undefined due to division by zero.
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Evaluate Composite Functions - Special Cases
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6 3 2 3 6 6 3 2 3 6


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sec 11𝜋/6

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In Exercises 5–18, the unit circle has been divided into twelve equal arcs, corresponding to t-values of 0, 𝜋, 𝜋, 𝜋, 2𝜋, 5𝜋, 𝜋, 7𝜋, 4𝜋, 3𝜋, 5𝜋, 11𝜋, and 2𝜋. 6 3 2 3 6 6 3 2 3 6 Use the (x,y) coordinates in the figure to find the value of each trigonometric function at the indicated real number, t, or state that the expression is undefined.

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csc 45°

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