Ch. 3 - Trigonometric Identities and Equations

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Blitzer 3rd Edition

Ch. 3 - Trigonometric Identities and Equations

Problema 13

Capitolo 3, Problema 13

Be sure that you've familiarized yourself with the second set of formulas presented in this section by working C5–C8 in the Concept and Vocabulary Check. In Exercises 9–22, express each sum or difference as a product. If possible, find this product's exact value. cos 4x + cos 2x

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Recognize that the expression is a sum of two cosine functions: \(\cos 4x + \cos 2x\).

Recall the sum-to-product identity for cosine sums: \(\cos A + \cos B = 2 \cos \left( \frac{A+B}{2} \right) \cos \left( \frac{A-B}{2} \right)\).

Identify \(A = 4x\) and \(B = 2x\), then substitute these into the formula: \(\cos 4x + \cos 2x = 2 \cos \left( \frac{4x + 2x}{2} \right) \cos \left( \frac{4x - 2x}{2} \right)\).

Simplify the arguments inside the cosine functions: \(\frac{4x + 2x}{2} = 3x\) and \(\frac{4x - 2x}{2} = x\).

Write the expression as a product: \(2 \cos 3x \cos x\). If needed, you can then evaluate this product for specific values of \(x\) to find the exact value.

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Sum-to-Product Formulas

Sum-to-product formulas transform sums or differences of trigonometric functions into products, simplifying expressions and solving equations. For example, the sum of cosines can be expressed as a product: cos A + cos B = 2 cos((A+B)/2) cos((A−B)/2). This is essential for rewriting cos 4x + cos 2x as a product.

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Verifying Identities with Sum and Difference Formulas

Trigonometric Identities

Trigonometric identities are equations involving trig functions that hold true for all values in their domains. They allow manipulation and simplification of expressions. Knowing identities like angle addition, subtraction, and double-angle formulas helps in recognizing patterns and applying sum-to-product transformations effectively.

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Fundamental Trigonometric Identities

Exact Values of Trigonometric Functions

Exact values refer to precise trigonometric values for special angles (e.g., 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) often expressed in radicals or fractions. After expressing sums as products, evaluating the product's exact value requires familiarity with these standard angles and their trig values to provide precise answers without decimal approximations.

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Introduction to Trigonometric Functions

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