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Ch. 5 - Trigonometric Identities
Lial - Trigonometry 12th Edition
Lial12th EditionTrigonometryISBN: 9780136552161, 9780135440780, 9780136881117, 9780135440827, 9780135924891Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 6, Problema 5.1.78

Write each expression in terms of sine and cosine, and then simplify the expression so that no quotients appear and all functions are of θ only. See Example 3.
-sec² (-θ) + sin² (-θ) + cos² (-θ)

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Recall the definitions and identities for the trigonometric functions involved: \(\sec \theta = \frac{1}{\cos \theta}\), so \(\sec^2 \theta = \frac{1}{\cos^2 \theta}\). Also, use the even-odd properties: \(\cos(-\theta) = \cos \theta\) (cosine is even) and \(\sin(-\theta) = -\sin \theta\) (sine is odd).
Rewrite each term in the expression \(-\sec^2(-\theta) + \sin^2(-\theta) + \cos^2(-\theta)\) using sine and cosine functions and apply the even-odd properties: \(-\sec^2(-\theta) = -\frac{1}{\cos^2(-\theta)} = -\frac{1}{\cos^2 \theta}\), \(\sin^2(-\theta) = (-\sin \theta)^2 = \sin^2 \theta\), and \(\cos^2(-\theta) = \cos^2 \theta\).
Substitute these back into the expression to get \(-\frac{1}{\cos^2 \theta} + \sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta\).
Use the Pythagorean identity \(\sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta = 1\) to simplify the expression to \(-\frac{1}{\cos^2 \theta} + 1\).
Rewrite \(\frac{1}{\cos^2 \theta}\) as \(\sec^2 \theta\) if needed, or multiply through by \(\cos^2 \theta\) to eliminate the quotient, depending on the instruction to avoid quotients, and simplify accordingly.

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Even and Odd Trigonometric Functions

Understanding the parity of trigonometric functions is essential. Cosine is an even function, meaning cos(-θ) = cos(θ), while sine and secant are odd or even accordingly. This property helps simplify expressions involving negative angles by replacing functions of -θ with functions of θ.
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Even and Odd Identities

Trigonometric Identities

Key identities like sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 and sec²θ = 1 + tan²θ allow simplification of expressions. Using these identities, complex expressions can be rewritten in simpler forms without quotients, facilitating easier manipulation and evaluation.
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Fundamental Trigonometric Identities

Expressing Trigonometric Functions in Terms of Sine and Cosine

All trigonometric functions can be expressed as ratios of sine and cosine, e.g., sec θ = 1/cos θ. Writing expressions solely in terms of sine and cosine helps eliminate quotients and standardizes the form, making simplification more straightforward.
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Graph of Sine and Cosine Function