A biochemist measured the amount of DNA in cells growing in the laboratory and found that the quantity of DNA in a cell doubled a. between prophase and anaphase of mitosis. b. between the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle. c. during the M phase of the cell cycle. d. between prophase I and prophase II of meiosis.

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell. It consists of several phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, DNA is replicated during the S phase of the cell cycle, and the actual separation of chromosomes occurs during anaphase, where the sister chromatids are pulled apart.

The cell cycle is a series of phases that a cell goes through to grow and divide. It includes the G1 phase (cell growth), S phase (DNA synthesis), G2 phase (preparation for mitosis), and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). The G1 to G2 transition is crucial for DNA replication, where the amount of DNA in the cell doubles in preparation for mitosis.

Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four non-identical gametes. It consists of two rounds of division: meiosis I and meiosis II. During prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair and exchange genetic material, but the DNA does not double again between prophase I and prophase II, making it distinct from mitosis.