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3.1 The study of Cells

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  • The smallest living unit in the body

    Cells

    1. Cells are the building blocks of all plants and animals.

    2. Cells are the smallest functioning units of life.

    3. Cells are produced through the division of preexisting cells.

    4. Each cell maintains homeostasis

    Cell theory

  • The study of the structure and function of cells

    Cytology

  • Most common methods used to study cell and tissue structure

    Light and Electron mircoscopy

    • Before the 1950s

    • Uses a series of glass lenses

    • Can magnify cellular structures by 1000 times

    • Typically involves looking at this sections sliced from a larger piece of tissue

    Light microscopes

  • Photographs taken through a light microscope is called...

    Light micrograph (LM)

    • Replaced the light microscope

    • A technique that replaced the light with a focused beam of electrons.

    Electron microscopy

  • Photographs of very thin sections that reveal fine details of cell membranes and structures within the cell.

    Transmission electron micrograph (TEMs)

    • Provides less magnification but reveal the three-dimensional nature of cell structures.

    • Provides a surface view of a cell, a portion of a cell, or structures outside the cell rather than a detailed sectional view

    Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs)

  • A cell membrane

    Plasma membrane

  • The material between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane

    Cytoplasm

  • All the body fluid outside the cells

    Extracellular fluid (ECF)