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Anatomy & Physiology: Auditory and Vestibular System

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이 집합의 용어 (22)

  • External ear components
    Includes the pinna/auricle and the external acoustic meatus, which collect and direct sound waves toward the tympanic membrane.
  • Middle ear structures
    Contains the tympanic membrane and the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) that transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear.
  • Inner ear anatomy
    Comprises the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular ducts, responsible for hearing and balance.
  • Cochlea function
    Transforms sound vibrations into nerve impulses via the spiral organ (of Corti) containing hair cells.
  • Hair cells of hearing
    Sensory receptors in the cochlea that convert mechanical sound vibrations into electrical signals.
  • Tympanic membrane
    Also called the eardrum; vibrates in response to sound waves and transmits them to the ossicles.
  • Ossicles
    Three small bones (malleus, incus, stapes) that amplify and transmit sound from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear.
  • Pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube
    Connects the middle ear to the throat, equalizing pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.
  • Scala media (cochlear duct)
    A fluid-filled chamber in the cochlea containing the spiral organ and endolymph.
  • Scala vestibuli and scala tympani
    Two perilymph-filled chambers in the cochlea that transmit sound vibrations around the cochlear duct.
  • Basilar membrane
    Supports the spiral organ and vibrates in response to sound, enabling hair cells to detect different frequencies.
  • Tympanic membrane vs. basilar membrane
    The tympanic membrane vibrates from sound waves; the basilar membrane vibrates inside the cochlea to stimulate hair cells.
  • Decibels (dB)
    Unit measuring sound intensity or loudness.
  • Dynamic equilibrium
    Sense of balance during motion, detected by the crista ampullaris in the semicircular ducts.
  • Static equilibrium
    Sense of head position relative to gravity, detected by the macula in the utricle and saccule.
  • Crista ampullaris
    Sensory receptor in the semicircular ducts that detects rotational movements of the head.
  • Macula
    Sensory epithelium in the utricle and saccule that detects linear acceleration and head position.
  • Otoliths
    Calcium carbonate crystals in the utricle and saccule that enhance detection of gravity and linear acceleration.
  • Utricle and saccule
    Parts of the vestibule containing maculae that detect static equilibrium.
  • Semicircular ducts
    Three fluid-filled tubes in the inner ear that detect rotational movements for dynamic equilibrium.
  • Internal ear (labyrinth)
    Complex system of fluid-filled chambers including cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals.
  • Motion sickness cause
    Conflicting signals between the inner ear's balance system and visual input.