뒤로Anatomy & Physiology Core Concepts
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이 집합의 용어 (32)
Study of structure of the body; derived from Greek meaning "a cutting up".
Study of function of the body; derived from Greek meaning "relationship to nature".
Include cellular composition, metabolism, growth, excretion, responsiveness, movement, and reproduction.
All chemical reactions in the body; includes anabolism (building up) and catabolism (breaking down).
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism levels.
Body standing upright, feet shoulder-width apart, arms at sides, palms and head facing forward; reference for all anatomical terms.
Include anterior/posterior, superior/inferior, medial/lateral, proximal/distal, superficial/deep.
Divided into axial (head, neck, trunk) and appendicular (limbs) regions with specific terms like cervical, brachial, femoral.
Sagittal (right/left), frontal (anterior/posterior), transverse (superior/inferior), and oblique (angled) planes.
Posterior (cranial, vertebral) and anterior (thoracic, abdominopelvic) cavities separated by diaphragm.
Thin tissue layers lining cavities and organs; include visceral (on organ) and parietal (cavity wall) layers with serous fluid between.
Maintenance of stable internal environment; regulated by feedback loops to keep variables near set points.
Opposes initial change to restore balance; most common homeostatic mechanism.
Amplifies initial stimulus; example is childbirth with oxytocin increasing contractions.
Form of a structure is always such that it best suits its function; applies at all levels of organization.
Primary solvent, medium for metabolic reactions, transports chemicals, absorbs heat, cushions, and lubricates.
Measures hydrogen ion concentration; 7 is neutral, below 7 acidic, above 7 basic; buffers resist pH changes.
Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen; function mainly as fuel; monomers are monosaccharides like glucose.
Hydrophobic molecules including fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids; function as energy storage, membrane components, and hormones.
Made of amino acids; functions include enzymes, structural roles, movement, defense, hormones, and receptors.
Loss of protein shape and function due to heat, pH changes, or chemicals.
Polymers of nucleotides; include DNA and RNA; store and transmit genetic information.
Main chemical energy source in cells; composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.
Phospholipid bilayer with proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates; regulates transport and communication.
Passive movement of solutes from high to low concentration down a concentration gradient.
Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.
Energy-dependent movement of substances against their concentration gradient using carrier proteins or vesicles.
Processes for large molecule transport into (endocytosis) and out of (exocytosis) cells using vesicles.
Organelles that produce most of the cell's ATP through chemical energy conversion.
Sites of protein synthesis; free ribosomes make proteins for cell use, bound ribosomes make proteins for export.
Includes interphase (G1, S, G2) for growth and DNA replication, and M phase for mitosis and cytokinesis.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase; process of dividing replicated chromosomes into two daughter cells.