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Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1 Review

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
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이 집합의 용어 (29)

  • General functions of organ systems
    Each organ system has specific roles such as support, movement, circulation, digestion, and regulation to maintain homeostasis.
  • Definition of brachial
    Relating to the arm, specifically the upper arm region.
  • Definition of cephalic
    Pertaining to the head.
  • Definition of gluteal
    Refers to the buttock region.
  • Definition of axillary
    Relating to the armpit area.
  • Definition of patellar
    Pertaining to the kneecap.
  • Definition of inguinal
    Refers to the groin area.
  • Definition of cervical
    Relating to the neck region.
  • Definition of gastric
    Pertaining to the stomach.
  • Definition of pudendal
    Relating to the external genitalia.
  • Anatomical directional terms
    Terms like anterior, posterior, medial, lateral describe locations and directions on the body.
  • Types of chemical bonds
    Includes ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds, each differing in electron sharing or transfer.
  • Subatomic particles
    Protons (positive charge), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (negative charge) make up atoms.
  • Types of energy in biology
    Includes kinetic energy, potential energy, chemical energy, and others relevant to cellular processes.
  • Levels of protein structure
    Primary (sequence), secondary (alpha helix/beta sheet), tertiary (3D folding), and quaternary (multiple polypeptides).
  • Definitions: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
    Cells form tissues; tissues form organs; organs form organ systems; organ systems form organisms.
  • Anatomic position
    Body standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward.
  • Order of biological complexity
    Molecules → cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism.
  • Difference between introns and exons
    Exons code for proteins; introns are non-coding sequences removed during RNA processing.
  • Central dogma basic steps
    DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein.
  • Structure and function of plasma membrane
    A phospholipid bilayer with proteins that controls substance entry and exit.
  • Roles of organelles
    Examples: mitochondria produce energy; ribosomes synthesize proteins; lysosomes digest waste.
  • Definition and steps of mitosis
    Cell division process with phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, ending in two identical cells.
  • mRNA sequence from DNA strand
    mRNA is complementary to DNA, replacing thymine (T) with uracil (U).
  • Cell in isotonic solution
    Cell volume remains stable as water moves equally in and out.
  • Cell in hypertonic solution
    Cell loses water and shrinks due to higher solute concentration outside.
  • Cell in hypotonic solution
    Cell gains water and may swell or burst due to lower solute concentration outside.
  • Definition of phagocytosis
    Process where cells engulf large particles or other cells.
  • Passive vs active transport
    Passive transport requires no energy (e.g., diffusion); active transport requires energy to move substances against gradients.