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Anatomy & Physiology Exam 3 Review

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
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이 집합의 용어 (27)

  • Synovial joint components

    Articular cartilage, synovial membrane, joint cavity, ligaments, and fibrous capsule are key parts of a synovial joint.

  • Planes of movement in synovial joints

    Synovial joints allow movement in uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial planes depending on joint type.

  • Definition of flexion

    Flexion decreases the angle between two bones at a joint.

  • Definition of extension

    Extension increases the angle between two bones at a joint.

  • Definition of abduction

    Abduction moves a limb away from the midline of the body.

  • Definition of adduction

    Adduction moves a limb toward the midline of the body.

  • Sprained ankle underlying issue

    Damage or tearing of ligaments supporting the ankle joint.

  • Tommy John surgery purpose

    Reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament in the elbow due to injury.

  • Arthritis general cause

    Inflammation of joints causing pain and stiffness.

  • Rheumatoid arthritis cause

    Autoimmune disorder attacking joint linings.

  • Osteoarthritis cause

    Degeneration of articular cartilage leading to bone friction.

  • Role of articular cartilage

    Provides a smooth, lubricated surface for joint movement and absorbs shock.

  • Types of cartilaginous joints

    Synchondroses (hyaline cartilage) and symphyses (fibrocartilage) are main types.

  • Types of fibrous joints

    Sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses connect bones with fibrous tissue.

  • Ligaments involved in the patellar reflex

    Patellar ligament transmits the reflex signal causing quadriceps contraction.

  • Components of a muscle fiber

    Includes sarcolemma, myofibrils, sarcomeres, mitochondria, and sarcoplasmic reticulum.

  • Definition of motor neuron

    A nerve cell that transmits impulses from the central nervous system to muscle fibers.

  • Types of muscular contraction

    Isotonic (concentric and eccentric) and isometric contractions.

  • Differences between cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle

    Cardiac: striated, involuntary; Skeletal: striated, voluntary; Smooth: non-striated, involuntary.

  • Functions of muscle tissue

    Movement, posture maintenance, heat production, and joint stabilization.

  • Proteins involved in skeletal muscle contraction

    Actin, myosin, troponin, and tropomyosin.

  • Cause of rigor mortis

    ATP depletion prevents detachment of myosin from actin, causing muscle stiffness.

  • Fate of pyruvate during vigorous exercise

    Converted to lactic acid via anaerobic glycolysis.

  • Sliding filament model

    Actin filaments slide over myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere during contraction.

  • Changes in sarcomere during contraction

    I band and H zone shorten; A band remains constant.

  • Steps of an action potential

    Resting state, depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization phases.

  • Effect if ACh is blocked at the NMJ

    Muscle contraction is prevented due to lack of signal transmission.