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Anatomy & Physiology Exam Study Guide Flashcards

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  • Organs of the cardiovascular system
    Arteries, veins, and heart are the main organs of the cardiovascular system.
  • Organs of the respiratory system
    Trachea, bronchi, and alveoli are key organs in the respiratory system.
  • Organs of the endocrine system
    Adrenal glands, pancreas, and pituitary gland are part of the endocrine system.
  • Organs of the digestive system
    Esophagus, large intestine, and rectum belong to the digestive system.
  • Organs of the urinary system
    Kidneys, bladder, and ureters are organs of the urinary system.
  • Expiration as a life function
    Expiration (breathing out) removes excessive carbon dioxide from the blood, an example of excretion.
  • Sensing and responding to environmental changes
    This is an example of the life function called responsiveness.
  • Prevention of water loss
    Prevention of water loss is a necessary life function related to maintaining homeostasis.
  • Effect of faster anabolic than catabolic reactions
    If anabolic reactions exceed catabolic, the body accomplishes growth and repair.
  • Imaging device best for localizing brain tumors
    An MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is best for localizing tumors in the brain.
  • Result of negative feedback
    Negative feedback generally maintains homeostasis by reversing a change.
  • Location of popliteal pulse
    The popliteal pulse is found behind the knee.
  • Location for axillary temperature
    Axillary temperature is taken in the armpit.
  • Location of median cubital vein
    The median cubital vein is located in the anterior elbow region.
  • Definition of an element
    An element is a substance made of only one type of atom.
  • Subatomic particles of an atom
    Protons are positive, electrons are negative, and neutrons are neutral particles.
  • Difference between ionic and covalent bonds
    Ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons, covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons.
  • Definition of pH and buffer
    pH measures acidity; a buffer resists changes in pH to maintain stability.
  • Functions of carbohydrates
    Carbohydrates provide energy and structural support in cells.
  • Functions of lipids
    Lipids store energy, form cell membranes, and act as hormones.
  • Functions of proteins
    Proteins serve as enzymes, structural components, and hormones.
  • Functions of nucleic acids
    Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.
  • Properties of water
    Water is polar, solvent, high heat capacity, and participates in chemical reactions.
  • Definition of diffusion
    Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
  • Definition of osmosis
    Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
  • Function of mitochondria
    Mitochondria produce ATP aerobically for cellular energy.
  • Function of lysosomes
    Lysosomes contain enzymes for breaking down phagocytized material.
  • Function of Golgi apparatus
    Golgi apparatus packages proteins for secretion or membrane insertion.
  • Effect of colchicine on cell division
    Colchicine arrests mitosis by preventing spindle microtubule formation.
  • Stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up at equator
    Chromosomes align at the cell equator during metaphase.