뒤로Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals
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Anatomy is the study of body structure, while Physiology is the study of body function.
Levels include chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism.
Individual differences exist in body structure and function, influenced by genetics, age, and environment.
Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions essential for life.
Body standing upright, facing forward, feet flat, arms at sides with palms facing forward.
To describe locations and relationships of body parts relative to each other.
Anterior (ventral) means front; posterior (dorsal) means back.
Medial is toward the midline; lateral is away from the midline.
Proximal means closer to the trunk; distal means farther from the trunk.
Superficial means near the surface; deep means farther inside the body.
Includes terms like cephalic (head), cervical (neck), and facial regions.
Includes thoracic (chest), abdominal (belly), and pelvic regions.
Includes vertebral (spine) and scapular (shoulder blade) regions.
Includes brachial (arm), antebrachial (forearm), and manual (hand) regions.
Includes femoral (thigh), crural (leg), and pedal (foot) regions.
Four sections: right upper, left upper, right lower, and left lower quadrants.
Nine regions including epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric among others.
Sagittal divides left and right, frontal (coronal) divides front and back, transverse divides top and bottom.
Spaces that protect internal organs, including dorsal and ventral cavities.
Contains the heart and lungs, protected by the rib cage.
Houses digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs below the diaphragm.
The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
Mechanisms that regulate homeostasis by adjusting physiological processes.
Response that reverses a change to return to normal, e.g., temperature regulation.
Response that amplifies a change, e.g., blood clotting or childbirth contractions.