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Anatomy & Physiology: Human Body Orientation and Homeostasis

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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What is the Principle of Complementarity in Anatomy & Physiology?

    The Principle of Complementarity states that structure and function are inseparable; what a structure can do depends on its specific form.

  • Define Gross (Macroscopic) Anatomy.

    Study of large, visible body structures without a microscope.

  • What is Cytology?

    The study of cells, a subdivision of microscopic anatomy.

  • List the levels of structural organization in the human body from smallest to largest.

    Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organismal levels.

  • Name three necessary life functions of the human body.

    Examples include maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, and growth.

  • Why is oxygen essential for human survival?

    Oxygen is required for energy release from foods; survival without it is limited to a few minutes.

  • What is homeostasis?

    Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous environmental changes; a dynamic state of equilibrium.

  • What are the three components of a homeostatic control mechanism?

    Receptor (sensor), Control Center, and Effector.

  • Describe negative feedback in homeostasis.

    Most common mechanism; response reduces or shuts off original stimulus to maintain balance.

  • Give an example of positive feedback in the human body.

    Labor contractions enhanced by oxytocin or platelet plug formation in blood clotting.

  • What is the standard anatomical position?

    Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs away from body.

  • Define the directional term 'proximal'.

    Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

  • What does the sagittal plane divide the body into?

    Divides the body into right and left parts.

  • What organs are found in the thoracic cavity?

    Contains lungs (pleural cavities), heart (pericardial cavity), esophagus, and trachea.

  • What is the function of serous membranes in the ventral body cavity?

    Thin double-layered membranes that reduce friction between organs and cavity walls.

  • Name the four abdominopelvic quadrants.

    Right upper (RUQ), left upper (LUQ), right lower (RLQ), left lower (LLQ).

  • What is the difference between the dorsal and ventral body cavities?

    Dorsal cavity protects the nervous system; ventral cavity houses internal organs (viscera).

  • What is the role of the receptor in homeostatic control?

    Monitors the environment and responds to stimuli by sending information to the control center.

  • What is the function of the effector in homeostasis?

    Provides the means to respond to stimuli, either reducing or enhancing the stimulus.

  • Define the term 'medial' in anatomical direction.

    Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of.