뒤로Anatomy & Physiology I - Key Concepts and Systems
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Cellular composition, metabolism (anabolism and catabolism), growth, excretion, responsiveness, movement, and reproduction.
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism levels, each building on the previous.
Gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, histology, and cytology.
Body standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides with palms forward, feet flat and directed forward.
Terms like cranial, cervical, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, and limb regions used to describe specific body areas.
Sagittal (divides left and right), frontal (divides front and back), and transverse (divides top and bottom) planes.
Includes cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities that protect internal organs.
Membranes lining body cavities and covering organs, e.g., pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal membranes.
Feedback loops, structure-function relationship, gradients, cell-cell communication, and homeostasis.
Mechanism that reverses a change to maintain homeostasis, e.g., temperature regulation.
Mechanism that amplifies a change, e.g., blood clotting or childbirth contractions.
Protects body, controls temperature, produces vitamin D, and retains water.
Supports body, protects organs, provides leverage for movement, produces blood cells, and stores calcium salts.
Produces movement, controls body openings, and generates heat.
Body functions control, sensation, movement, automatic functions, and mental activities via nerves and brain.
Regulates body functions through hormones secreted by glands like thyroid, adrenal, and pancreas.
Transports blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes; pumps blood via heart and vessels.
Returns excess tissue fluid to blood, provides immunity, and protects against disease.
Delivers oxygen to blood, removes carbon dioxide, and maintains acid-base balance.
Digests food, absorbs nutrients, removes waste, and maintains fluid and acid-base balance.
Removes metabolic wastes, balances fluids and electrolytes, and stabilizes blood pH.
Produces and transports gametes, secretes hormones, and supports fetal development (female).
Terms like anterior/posterior, superior/inferior, medial/lateral, proximal/distal describe body location.
Four quadrants (RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ) and nine regions used to locate organs precisely.
Movement from higher to lower concentration, pressure, or temperature drives many physiological processes.
Occurs via chemical and electrical signals to coordinate body functions.