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Anatomy & Physiology: Integumentary System Flashcards

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  • Integumentary system
    The body system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves that protects the body and regulates temperature.
  • Epidermis
    The outermost layer of skin composed mainly of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
  • Dermis
    The thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis that contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and glands.
  • Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
    The deepest layer of skin made of fat and connective tissue that insulates and cushions the body.
  • Keratinocytes
    The primary cell type in the epidermis responsible for producing keratin, a protective protein.
  • Melanocytes
    Cells in the epidermis that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color and UV protection.
  • Langerhans cells
    Immune cells in the epidermis that help detect and fight pathogens.
  • Stratum corneum
    The outermost layer of the epidermis consisting of dead, flattened keratinized cells.
  • Stratum basale
    The deepest layer of the epidermis where new keratinocytes are produced.
  • Hair follicle
    A structure in the dermis that produces hair by packing keratinized cells.
  • Sebaceous gland
    A gland connected to hair follicles that secretes sebum to lubricate skin and hair.
  • Sweat gland
    A gland that produces sweat to help regulate body temperature and excrete waste.
  • Arrector pili muscle
    A small muscle attached to hair follicles that causes hair to stand up (goosebumps).
  • Nail matrix
    The tissue under the nail that produces new nail cells.
  • Melanin
    The pigment produced by melanocytes that gives skin its color and protects against UV radiation.
  • Function of the integumentary system
    Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, excretion, and vitamin D synthesis.
  • Callus
    Thickened skin area caused by repeated pressure or friction.
  • Burn classification: First degree
    A burn affecting only the epidermis causing redness and pain.
  • Burn classification: Second degree
    A burn affecting the epidermis and part of the dermis causing blisters and pain.
  • Burn classification: Third degree
    A burn destroying the epidermis and dermis, possibly affecting deeper tissues, often painless due to nerve damage.