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Anatomy & Physiology: Introductory Concepts and Terminology

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이 집합의 용어 (27)

  • Define Anatomy

    Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another.

  • Define Physiology

    Physiology is the study of the function of body parts and how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities.

  • How are Anatomy and Physiology related?

    Function always reflects structure; specific functions in the body are performed by specific structures, known as the principle of complementary structure and function.

  • List the major branches of Gross Anatomy

    Surface Anatomy, Regional Anatomy, Systemic Anatomy, Developmental Anatomy, Clinical Anatomy.

  • List the major branches of Microscopic Anatomy

    Cytology (study of cells) and Histology (study of tissues).

  • List the major branches of Physiology

    Cell Physiology, Organ Physiology, Systemic Physiology, Pathological Physiology.

  • What is the Principle of Complementary Structure and Function?

    The principle that the function of a body part depends on its specific form or structure.

  • What is Pathology?

    The study of disease and disorders, including signs (measurable) and symptoms (described by the affected person).

  • What are the levels of structural organization in the human body?

    Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism levels.

  • Describe the Chemical level of organization

    Atoms combine to form molecules which form complex shapes; form determines function.

  • Describe the Cellular level of organization

    Cells are made up of molecules which interact to form organelles, the structural and functional components of cells.

  • Describe the Tissue level of organization

    A group of similar cells working together to perform one or more specific functions.

  • Describe the Organ level of organization

    A group of two or more tissues working together to perform specific functions.

  • Describe the Organ System level of organization

    A group of organs interacting to perform a specific body function.

  • Describe the Organism level of organization

    All organ systems in the body work together to maintain life and health of the organism.

  • What is the Standard Anatomical Position?

    Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from the body; used as a reference for directional terms.

  • Define Superior (cranial)

    Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above.

  • Define Inferior (caudal)

    Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below.

  • Define Anterior (ventral)

    Toward or at the front of the body; in front of.

  • Define Posterior (dorsal)

    Toward or at the back of the body; behind.

  • Define Medial

    Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of.

  • Define Lateral

    Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of.

  • Define Proximal

    Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

  • Define Distal

    Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

  • What are the two major divisions of the body regions?

    Axial (head, neck, trunk) and Appendicular (limbs: arms and legs).

  • What are the three main body planes?

    Transverse (divides body into superior and inferior), Frontal (divides body into anterior and posterior), Sagittal (divides body into left and right).

  • What is a midsagittal section?

    A sagittal cut that divides the body into equal left and right halves along the midline.