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Anatomy & Physiology Key Concepts

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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What are the main types of connective tissue?

    Connective tissue types include loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, and adipose tissue.

  • What is the plasma membrane composed of?

    The plasma membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates that regulate transport and communication.

  • What is the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic solutions for a cell?

    Hypertonic solutions cause cells to shrink as water leaves; hypotonic solutions cause cells to swell as water enters.

  • What is homeostasis in physiology?

    Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

  • What are the main types of glands and their differences?

    Exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts; endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

  • What is the anatomical position?

    The anatomical position is standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward.

  • What are the major body cavities?

    Major cavities include the cranial, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.

  • What is the function of organelles in cells?

    Organelles perform specific functions like energy production, protein synthesis, and waste removal within cells.

  • What sets up the membrane potential in cells?

    Membrane potential is established by ion gradients, mainly Na+ and K+, maintained by the sodium-potassium pump.

  • What is the difference between apoptosis and autolysis?

    Apoptosis is programmed cell death; autolysis is self-digestion of cells after death.

  • What is keratin and its role in skin?

    Keratin is a protein that strengthens skin, hair, and nails, providing protection and waterproofing.

  • What are the degrees of burns and their differences?

    First-degree burns affect the epidermis; second-degree affect epidermis and dermis; third-degree extend through all skin layers.

  • What is the difference between positive and negative feedback?

    Negative feedback reverses a change to maintain homeostasis; positive feedback amplifies a response.

  • Why can some tissues heal and others cannot?

    Tissues with high cell turnover like epithelial heal well; tissues like nervous tissue have limited healing due to low regeneration.

  • What are the main planes of the body?

    Frontal (coronal), transverse (horizontal), and sagittal planes divide the body into different sections.

  • What are the different types of membrane proteins?

    Membrane proteins include integral, peripheral, and glycoproteins, involved in transport, signaling, and structure.

  • What is osmosis?

    Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.

  • What tissues must materials pass through between body cavities and external layers?

    Materials pass through epithelial tissue and underlying connective tissue layers.

  • What is the upper dermis layer called?

    The upper dermis layer is the papillary layer, rich in capillaries and sensory neurons.

  • What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

    Saturated fats have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature; unsaturated fats have double bonds and are liquid.