뒤로Anatomy & Physiology Key Concepts
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Epithelial: covers surfaces and lines cavities.
Connective: supports and binds other tissues.
Muscle: enables movement.
Nervous: transmits signals.
Blast: immature, actively secretes matrix.
Cyte: mature, maintains the matrix.
A growth plate of hyaline cartilage where long bones lengthen during development.
Fossa: shallow depression.
Epicondyle: projection above a condyle.
Ramus: branch-like bone extension.
Meatus: canal or tube.
Foramen: hole for vessels or nerves.
Long bones: femur, humerus.
Short bones: carpals, tarsals.
Flat bones: skull, ribs.
Irregular bones: vertebrae, pelvis.
Bone growth in thickness by adding new layers on the surface.
Growth of bone tissue in rings around the central canal forming osteons.
Axial: skull, vertebral column, rib cage.
Appendicular: limbs and girdles.
Regulates metabolism and promotes bone growth.
Lowers blood calcium by inhibiting bone resorption.
Helps maintain bone density by inhibiting resorption.
Increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption.
Stimulates overall bone growth and remodeling.
Channels that connect central canals of osteons to each other and the periosteum.
Core channel in an osteon containing blood vessels and nerves.
Small channels that connect osteocytes for nutrient and waste exchange.
Openings in bone surface allowing blood vessels to enter the bone.
Blocks myosin-binding sites on actin filaments at rest.
Stores oxygen in muscle cells for aerobic respiration.
Transmit electrical signals deep into muscle fibers to trigger contraction.
Actin: thin filaments.
Myosin: thick filaments responsible for contraction.
Z discs: boundaries of sarcomeres.
A band: length of thick filaments.
I band: region of thin filaments only.
Epimysium: surrounds entire muscle.
Perimysium: surrounds fascicles.
Endomysium: surrounds individual muscle fibers.
A bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium.
Time when muscle cannot respond to stimulus due to exhaustion.
Delay between stimulus and start of contraction.
Time after contraction when muscle cannot be stimulated again.
Time when muscle tension decreases and returns to resting state.
Elasticity: ability to return to original length.
Extensibility: ability to stretch.
Contractility: ability to shorten.
Excitability: ability to respond to stimuli.
Breakdown of molecules by adding water, releasing energy.
A series of chemical reactions producing energy carriers from acetyl-CoA.
Transfers electrons to produce ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.
Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP anaerobically.
An autoimmune disorder causing muscle weakness by blocking acetylcholine receptors.