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Anatomy & Physiology: Key Concepts on Skin Cancer, Skeletal Analysis, Arthritis, and Bone Health

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이 집합의 용어 (9)

  • What does the ABCDE rule stand for in skin cancer detection?
    Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter greater than 6mm, Evolving size, shape, or color.
  • How can gender be determined from a skeleton?
    By examining pelvic shape, skull features, and robustness; females have wider pelvis and less pronounced brow ridges.
  • What skeletal features help estimate age of a deceased individual?
    Degree of bone fusion, dental eruption, and wear, plus bone density and degeneration signs.
  • How is the relative size of a skeleton estimated?
    By measuring long bones like femur or humerus and comparing to standard growth charts.
  • What is the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis?
    An autoimmune disorder causing chronic inflammation of synovial joints leading to cartilage and bone erosion.
  • What role does calcitonin play in bone metabolism?
    Calcitonin lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity, reducing bone resorption.
  • How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) affect bones?
    PTH increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts to resorb bone and releasing calcium.
  • Define osteoporosis.
    A condition characterized by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk due to bone resorption exceeding formation.
  • Name some ways to slow the progression of osteoporosis.
    Weight-bearing exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, and medications like bisphosphonates.