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Anatomy & Physiology Lab 1: Anatomical Language, Body Organization, and Microscope

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이 집합의 용어 (24)

  • What is the standard anatomical position?
    The body standing upright, facing forward, legs parallel, arms at sides with palms facing forward. It provides a consistent way to describe human anatomy.
  • Name the three major body planes used in anatomy.
    Sagittal (median) plane, Coronal (frontal) plane, and Transverse (horizontal) plane.
  • What does the sagittal plane divide the body into?
    Divides the body into right and left parts. The midsagittal section divides into equal halves; parasagittal divides into unequal parts.
  • What does the coronal (frontal) plane divide the body into?
    Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.
  • What does the transverse (horizontal) plane divide the body into?
    Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
  • Define the directional terms anterior and posterior.
    Anterior (ventral) means toward the front of the body; Posterior (dorsal) means toward the back.
  • Define the directional terms superior and inferior.
    Superior (cranial) means above or toward the head; Inferior (caudal) means below or away from the head.
  • What do proximal and distal mean in anatomical terms?
    Proximal means toward the trunk; Distal means away from the trunk.
  • Explain medial and lateral directional terms.
    Medial means toward the midline of the body; Lateral means away from the midline, toward the sides.
  • What do superficial and deep mean in anatomy?
    Superficial means closer to the surface of the body; Deep means farther away from the surface.
  • What is the purpose of regional terms in anatomy?
    They describe specific body areas with precise terms to avoid confusion, e.g., thoracic instead of chest.
  • Name two major body cavities and their general contents.
    Dorsal cavity contains the cranial cavity (brain) and vertebral cavity (spinal cord). Ventral cavity contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
  • What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?
    The diaphragm muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.
  • What organs are found in the thoracic cavity?
    Lungs (pleural cavities), heart (pericardial cavity), major vessels, trachea, and esophagus (mediastinum).
  • What organs are found in the abdominopelvic cavity?
    Abdominal cavity contains intestines, stomach, pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands; pelvic cavity contains bladder, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, rectum.
  • How is the abdominopelvic cavity divided into quadrants?
    By two imaginary lines through the umbilical region: one horizontal (transverse plane) and one vertical (midsagittal plane), creating four quadrants.
  • How is the abdominopelvic cavity divided into nine regions?
    By four imaginary lines: two horizontal (transverse planes) and two vertical (parasagittal planes) creating nine regions.
  • What is a microscope used for in anatomy?
    To magnify specimens too small for the naked eye, such as cells (cytology) and tissues (histology).
  • What are the basic rules for transporting and cleaning a microscope?
    Hold upright with two hands, avoid cord tangling, and use only lens paper for cleaning.
  • How do you calculate total magnification on a microscope?
    Multiply the magnifying power of the ocular lens by the power of the objective lens.
  • What is the field of vision in microscopy?
    The amount of specimen visible through the microscope at one time.
  • What is working distance in microscopy?
    The distance between the tip of the objective lens and the specimen slide.
  • What is depth of view (focus) in microscopy?
    The ability to distinguish between superficial and deeper structures in the specimen.
  • What are the advantages of a compound, binocular, and parfocal microscope?
    Compound microscopes use two lens sets for high magnification; binocular allows viewing with both eyes; parfocal lenses stay in focus when switching objectives.