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Anatomy & Physiology Lab Practical 1 Study Guide

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
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이 집합의 용어 (28)

  • Parts of the microscope
    Key parts include lenses (magnify), stage (holds slide), focus knobs (coarse and fine for focusing), diaphragm (controls light amount), and condenser (focuses light).
  • Sequence of objective lenses
    Start with scanning (lowest power), then low, then high power to safely focus and locate the specimen.
  • When to use coarse vs. fine focus
    Use coarse focus only on low power to avoid damaging slides; switch to fine focus for higher magnifications.
  • Function of diaphragm and condenser
    Diaphragm adjusts light intensity; condenser focuses light onto the specimen for clarity.
  • Sagittal plane
    Divides the body into left and right halves; useful for viewing brain hemispheres.
  • Coronal plane
    Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts; frontal view.
  • Transverse plane
    Divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts; cross-sectional view.
  • Axes of the body
    Longitudinal (head-to-foot), horizontal (side-to-side), vertical/anteroposterior (front-to-back).
  • pH scale ranges
    0-6 acidic, 7 neutral, 8-14 basic.
  • Why use forceps with pH strips
    To prevent contamination from fingers that can alter pH readings.
  • General features of epithelial tissue
    Located on free surfaces, rest on basement membrane, avascular, functions include protection, secretion, absorption, filtration.
  • Simple vs. stratified epithelium
    Simple = one cell layer; stratified = multiple layers.
  • Squamous, cuboidal, columnar cell shapes
    Squamous = flat; cuboidal = cube-shaped; columnar = tall.
  • Function of simple squamous epithelium
    Diffusion and filtration, found in blood vessels and alveoli.
  • Transitional epithelium
    Stratified epithelium with dome-shaped surface cells that stretch, found in urinary bladder.
  • Role of goblet cells
    Specialized columnar cells that secrete mucus, found in simple and pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
  • Main purpose of cellular respiration
    Produce ATP, the usable energy currency for cellular activities.
  • Role of oxygen in cellular respiration
    Final electron acceptor in electron transport chain; essential for aerobic ATP production.
  • Location of glycolysis
    Occurs in the cytoplasm; does not require oxygen.
  • Stages of mitosis in order
    Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
  • Function of centrioles in mitosis
    Move to opposite poles and help form spindle fibers for chromosome movement.
  • Characteristics of skeletal muscle
    Striated, multinucleate, voluntary, long fibers.
  • Features of cardiac muscle
    Striated, branched, single nucleus, intercalated discs for rapid communication.
  • General features of connective tissue
    Provides support, binding, protection, transport; composed of cells and extracellular matrix.
  • Hyaline cartilage features
    Smooth, glassy matrix with chondrocytes in lacunae; avascular.
  • Major skull sutures
    Sagittal (between parietal bones), coronal (frontal and parietal), lambdoid (parietal and occipital), squamous (temporal and parietal).
  • Functional classification of joints
    Synarthrosis = immovable; Amphiarthrosis = slightly movable; Diarthrosis = freely movable.
  • Defining features of synovial joints
    Joint cavity, articular cartilage, synovial fluid, capsule, ligaments.