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Anatomy & Physiology: Membrane Transport and Epithelial Tissue

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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What is diffusion?

    Diffusion is the movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

  • What factors increase the rate of diffusion?

    Increased temperature, increased concentration gradient, and decreased molecular weight increase diffusion rate.

  • Define osmosis.

    Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.

  • What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

    Water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink, a process called crenation.

  • What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

    Water moves into the cell causing it to swell and possibly burst, a process called lysis.

  • What is an isotonic solution?

    A solution with equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell, causing no net water movement and no change in cell volume.

  • What molecules can pass through dialysis tubing in the lab?

    Simple sugars (glucose), water, and salt (NaCl) can pass through; larger sugars and proteins cannot.

  • What is the function of Benedict's solution in membrane transport experiments?

    Benedict's solution tests for the presence of glucose, changing from blue to orange/green when positive after heating.

  • What does a positive silver nitrate (AgNO3) test indicate?

    A positive test shows a cloudy or white precipitate indicating the presence of NaCl (salt).

  • What are the four main tissue types in the human body?

    Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve tissues.

  • What are the general characteristics of epithelial tissue?

    Consists mostly of cells, covers body surfaces, lines cavities and organs, avascular, regenerates, and has free, basal, and lateral surfaces.

  • How is epithelial tissue classified by cell layers?

    Simple epithelium has one cell layer; stratified epithelium has multiple layers.

  • How is epithelial tissue classified by cell shape?

    Shapes include squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-shaped), and columnar (tall and column-shaped).

  • Describe simple squamous epithelium structure and function.

    Single layer of flat cells allowing diffusion and filtration; found in alveoli, blood vessels, and serous membranes.

  • Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found and what is its function?

    Found in kidney tubules and glands; functions in secretion and absorption.

  • What are the characteristics of simple columnar epithelium?

    Single layer of tall cells, often with cilia or microvilli; functions in absorption, secretion, and movement of particles.

  • What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

    Single layer of cells with nuclei at different levels, appearing stratified; usually ciliated and contains goblet cells; lines respiratory tract.

  • Describe transitional epithelium and its function.

    Stratified epithelium with cells that change shape when stretched; lines urinary bladder and protects against urine's caustic effects.

  • What is the structure and function of stratified squamous epithelium?

    Multiple layers with flat surface cells; protects against abrasion, infection, and water loss; found in skin and moist body linings.

  • What is the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

    A thin extracellular layer that anchors epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue.