Anatomy & Physiology: Orientation and Directional Terms
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Anatomical position is the standard reference position used when describing directional terms in the body.
Superior (cranial) means toward the head or upper part of the body; above another structure.
The head is superior to the abdomen.
Inferior (caudal) means away from the head or toward the lower part of the body; below another structure.
The abdomen is inferior to the head.
Ventral (anterior) means toward or at the front of the body; in front of another structure.
The breastbone is ventral to the spine.
Dorsal (posterior) means toward or at the back of the body; behind another structure.
The spine is dorsal to the breastbone.