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Anatomy & Physiology: Skeletal System

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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

    The skeletal system provides support, protection for organs, movement by attachment sites for muscles, mineral storage, and blood cell production.

  • What are the two main types of bone tissue?

    Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer; spongy bone is porous and found inside bones, containing marrow.

  • What is the role of bone marrow?

    Red marrow produces blood cells; yellow marrow stores fat.

  • Name the four types of bones based on shape.

    Long, short, flat, and irregular bones.

  • What is the structure of a long bone?

    Consists of a diaphysis (shaft), epiphyses (ends), medullary cavity, and articular cartilage.

  • What is the periosteum?

    A dense connective tissue layer covering the bone surface, containing nerves and blood vessels.

  • What cells are responsible for bone formation?

    Osteoblasts build bone by producing matrix.

  • Which cells break down bone tissue?

    Osteoclasts resorb bone, helping in remodeling and calcium release.

  • What is the process of bone remodeling?

    Continuous cycle of bone resorption by osteoclasts and formation by osteoblasts to maintain bone strength and mineral balance.

  • What mineral is primarily stored in bones?

    Calcium and phosphorus are stored mainly as hydroxyapatite crystals.

  • What is the epiphyseal plate?

    A growth plate of cartilage in long bones where lengthening occurs during development.

  • Define articulation in the skeletal system.

    An articulation is a joint where two or more bones meet, allowing movement or stability.

  • What are the three types of joints based on movement?

    Fibrous (immovable), cartilaginous (slightly movable), and synovial (freely movable) joints.

  • What is the function of synovial fluid?

    It lubricates synovial joints to reduce friction during movement.

  • Name the major bones of the axial skeleton.

    Skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

  • Name the major bones of the appendicular skeleton.

    Limbs, pectoral girdle (shoulder), and pelvic girdle (hip).

  • What is osteoporosis?

    A condition characterized by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk.

  • What role do hormones play in bone growth?

    Hormones like growth hormone, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone regulate bone growth and calcium balance.

  • What is the difference between compact and spongy bone in terms of structure?

    Compact bone has tightly packed osteons; spongy bone has a lattice-like network of trabeculae.

  • What is the medullary cavity?

    The central cavity inside the diaphysis of long bones that contains marrow.