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Anatomy & Physiology: Skeleton & Joints II

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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • Clavicle articulation
    The medial end of the clavicle articulates with the sternum, and the lateral end articulates with the scapula.
  • Function of clavicle curvature
    The clavicle's curvature ensures outward fracture away from the subclavian artery.
  • Forearm bones
    The forearm consists of two parallel long bones: the radius and the ulna.
  • Forearm articulations
    The radius and ulna articulate proximally with the humerus, distally with wrist bones, and with each other at superior and inferior radio-ulnar joints.
  • Ulna features
    The ulna is slightly longer than the radius and has the olecranon and coronoid processes; the olecranon locks to prevent elbow hyperextension.
  • Radius features
    The radius has a distal end with a medial ulnar notch and a lateral styloid process.
  • Scapula characteristics
    The scapula is a thin, triangular, irregular bone located dorsally between ribs 2-7 with several fossae named by location.
  • Scapula processes
    The scapula has a spine, acromion (articulates with clavicle), and coracoid process (muscle attachment).
  • Pectoral girdle composition
    The pectoral girdle consists of two pairs of bones that surround the upper trunk and connect the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.
  • Pectoral girdle attachment
    The scapula is attached laterally but not directly to the axial skeleton, serving as muscle attachment points.
  • Shoulder joint socket
    The shoulder joint socket (glenoid cavity) is shallow and poorly reinforced, making it prone to dislocation.
  • Humerus articulation
    The humerus articulates proximally with the scapula and distally with the radius and ulna.
  • Humerus landmarks
    Key landmarks include the head (fits into glenoid cavity), anatomical and surgical necks, greater and lesser tubercles separated by the intertubercular sulcus.
  • Humerus distal features
    The distal humerus has fossae for olecranon, coronoid, and radial processes.
  • Elbow articulation
    The trochlea of the humerus articulates with the ulna, and the capitulum articulates with the radius.
  • Hand bone groups
    The hand contains 27 bones: carpal bones, metacarpals, and phalanges.
  • Carpal bones rows
    Carpal bones are arranged in two rows: proximal (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform) and distal (trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate).
  • Wrist joint bones
    Only the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum form the wrist joint.
  • Phalanges count and structure
    Each finger has 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, distal) except the thumb, which has 2.
  • Metacarpal articulation
    Metacarpal bases articulate with carpals, and heads articulate with proximal phalanges.