뒤로Anatomy & Physiology: The Human Body Orientation
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이 집합의 용어 (21)
Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts.
Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts function.
The levels are chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal.
The chemical level includes atoms and molecules essential for life.
The cellular level consists of cells, the basic units of life.
A tissue is a group of similar cells performing a common function.
An organ is a structure composed of at least two tissue types that performs a specific function.
An organ system is a group of organs working together to perform complex functions.
The organismal level is the highest level, representing the whole living individual.
Examples include integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
Homeostasis maintains a stable internal environment necessary for survival and function.
The anatomical position is standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward.
It provides a standard reference for describing body parts and positions.
Major planes include sagittal (divides left and right), frontal (divides front and back), and transverse (divides top and bottom).
The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right parts.
The frontal plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
The transverse plane divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts.
Directional terms describe locations of body parts relative to others, such as superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, proximal, and distal.
Superior means toward the head; inferior means away from the head or toward the feet.
Anterior means toward the front; posterior means toward the back.
Medial means toward the midline; lateral means away from the midline.