뒤로Anatomy & Physiology: Tissue Structure and Function
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Epithelial tissue is a sheet of cells that covers body surfaces or lines body cavities, occurring as covering/lining epithelium and glandular epithelium.
Protection, secretion, absorption, diffusion, filtration, and sensory reception.
Cellularity, specialized cell junctions, polarity (apical and basal surfaces), support by connective tissue, avascular but innervated, and high regenerative capacity.
By number of cell layers (simple or stratified) and cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, or columnar).
Single layer of flat cells; very thin and permeable; suited for rapid diffusion and filtration, e.g., capillaries and lung air sacs.
Multiple layers with squamous apical cells; thick and protective; found in areas exposed to abrasion like skin and mouth.
They move material such as mucus across the epithelial surface using coordinated ciliary beating.
Endocrine glands are ductless and release hormones into tissue fluid; exocrine glands have ducts and release products onto body surfaces or cavities.
The goblet cell, which produces mucin that forms mucus to protect and lubricate internal surfaces.
Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone tissue, and blood; each differs in cell types and extracellular matrix composition.
Nonliving material produced by cells, composed of ground substance and protein fibers, providing support and structure.
Collagen fibers (strong, tensile strength), reticular fibers (mesh-like support), and elastic fibers (stretch and recoil).
Matrix-producing cells in connective tissue proper that secrete protein subunits of fibers and ground substance molecules.
Most widespread loose connective tissue; supports and binds tissues, holds fluids, defends against infection, and stores nutrients as fat.
Collagen fibers aligned parallel to resist unidirectional tension; found in tendons and ligaments.
Allows tissues to stretch and recoil; found in artery walls and certain ligaments.
Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage; all firm but flexible connective tissues with chondrocytes in lacunae.
Bone has a hard matrix with inorganic calcium salts for support and protection; cartilage is more flexible and lacks blood vessels.
Transports nutrients, wastes, gases, and defense cells through a liquid matrix called plasma.
Belt-like junctions near the apical surface that seal adjacent cell membranes to prevent leakage between cells.
Anchoring junctions that bind cells strongly together and help resist mechanical stress.
Basal lamina is a thin protein sheet secreted by epithelial cells; together with underlying reticular fibers, it forms the basement membrane supporting epithelium.
Fingerlike plasma membrane extensions on apical epithelial surfaces that increase surface area for absorption and secretion.
Motile extensions with microtubules that move fluids or mucus across epithelial surfaces in coordinated waves.
Skeletal (striated, voluntary), cardiac (striated, involuntary, with intercalated discs), and smooth (nonstriated, involuntary).
Specialized nerve cells that conduct impulses; main parts are dendrites (receive signals) and axon (transmits signals away).
Supporting cells in nervous tissue that nourish, insulate, and protect neurons.