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Anatomy & Physiology: Tissue Types and Functions

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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What is a tissue?

    A tissue is an organized assembly of similar cells plus extracellular material working together to perform a specific function.

  • What are the four principal types of body tissue?

    Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous tissues.

  • What are the main functions of epithelial tissue?

    Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception.

  • List five distinguishing characteristics of epithelial tissue.

    Polarity, specialized contacts, supported by connective tissue, avascular but innervated, and regeneration.

  • What are tight junctions and desmosomes in epithelial tissue?

    They are specialized contact points that bind adjacent epithelial cells together to form continuous sheets.

  • Why is epithelial tissue avascular but innervated?

    It has no blood vessels and is nourished by diffusion from underlying connective tissues but is supplied by nerve fibers.

  • Name the three shapes of epithelial cells.

    Squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-shaped), and columnar (tall).

  • What is the difference between simple and stratified epithelia?

    Simple epithelia have one cell layer involved in absorption, secretion, or filtration; stratified epithelia have multiple layers for protection.

  • Where is simple squamous epithelium found and what is its function?

    Found in lungs and kidneys; functions in rapid diffusion.

  • What is the function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

    Secretion of mucus and movement of mucus via ciliary sweeping, mostly in the upper respiratory tract.

  • What is transitional epithelium and where is it found?

    Epithelium with cells that change shape when stretched; found in urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra.

  • Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands.

    Endocrine glands secrete hormones internally into the blood; exocrine glands secrete products onto body surfaces or into body cavities via ducts.

  • Name the three types of multicellular exocrine glands.

    Merocrine (secrete by exocytosis), holocrine (rupture to release secretion), and apocrine (apex ruptures to release secretion).

  • What are the major functions of connective tissue?

    Binding and support, protection, insulation, storing reserve fuel, and transporting substances.

  • List the four main classes of connective tissue.

    Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.

  • What are the three types of muscle tissue?

    Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.

  • What are the two specialized cells in nervous tissue?

    Neurons (generate and conduct nerve impulses) and supporting cells (support, insulate, and protect neurons).

  • What are the two major categories of body membranes?

    Cutaneous (skin) and mucous membranes; also serous membranes lining body cavities.

  • Describe the process of tissue repair in a superficial wound.

    Inflammation sets the stage, organization restores blood supply with granulation tissue, and regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair.

  • Which tissues regenerate well and which regenerate poorly?

    Regenerate well: epithelial, bone, areolar CT, dense irregular CT, blood-forming tissue. Poorly: cardiac muscle, nervous tissue.