뒤로Anatomy & Physiology: Tissues and Membranes
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The four basic tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
Covering and lining epithelium (outer skin layer and body cavities) and glandular epithelium (forms glands).
Supported by connective tissue, avascular but innervated, and have high regenerative capacity.
By layers: simple (one layer) or stratified (multiple layers). By shape: squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-shaped), columnar (tall).
Allows rapid diffusion and filtration; found in kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.
Single layer of cube-like cells; involved in secretion and absorption; found in kidney tubules and ducts of small glands.
Absorption and secretion of mucus and enzymes; found in digestive tract, gallbladder, and uterine tubes.
Single layer with varying cell heights, appears stratified; secretes mucus and moves it via cilia; located in upper respiratory tract.
Protection in areas of high abrasion; keratinized type forms skin epidermis; nonkeratinized lines moist body openings.
Resembles both stratified squamous and cuboidal; stretches to permit urine storage; found in bladder, ureters, and urethra.
By product release: endocrine (ductless, secrete hormones) and exocrine (ducts, secrete onto surfaces). By cell number: unicellular or multicellular.
Ductless glands that secrete hormones into interstitial fluid, which enter the blood to target organs.
Glands with ducts that secrete products onto body surfaces or cavities; examples include sweat, oil, and salivary glands.
Unicellular glands (e.g., goblet cells) produce mucin; multicellular glands have ducts and secretory units, classified by duct structure and secretion mode.
Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.
Skeletal (voluntary movement), cardiac (heart contraction), and smooth (propels substances in hollow organs).
Neurons (transmit electrical signals) and supporting cells (glial cells) that protect and insulate neurons.
Cutaneous (skin), mucous (line body cavities open to exterior), serous (line closed body cavities), and synovial (line joint cavities).
Protects the body surface; composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and underlying connective tissue.
Line body cavities open to exterior; moist membranes that secrete mucus; found in digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts.
Moist membranes lining closed ventral body cavities; composed of mesothelium and areolar connective tissue; secrete serous fluid.
Line movable joint cavities; secrete lubricating synovial fluid; lack an epithelial layer.
1. Inflammation sets the stage; 2. Organization restores blood supply; 3. Regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair.
Release of inflammatory chemicals causes blood vessel dilation and permeability; blood clot forms; redness, heat, swelling, and pain occur.
Blood clot replaced by granulation tissue; epithelium regenerates; fibroblasts produce collagen to bridge tissue gaps; debris is phagocytized.
Scab detaches; fibrous tissue matures; epithelium thickens; results in regenerated epithelium with underlying scar tissue.
Regenerate well: epithelial, bone, areolar connective, dense irregular connective, blood-forming tissue. Poor regeneration: cardiac muscle, nervous tissue of brain and spinal cord.