뒤로Anatomy & Physiology Vocabulary Chapters 1-10
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Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts.
Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts function.
Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
A cell is the basic unit of life and the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism.
Tissue is a group of similar cells that perform a common function.
An organ is a structure composed of at least two different types of tissues working together to perform specific functions.
An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform complex functions.
The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and glands; it protects the body and regulates temperature.
The skeletal system provides support, protection, and movement; it consists of bones and joints.
The muscular system allows movement of the body and maintains posture through muscle contraction.
The nervous system controls body activities with electrical signals and processes sensory information.
The cardiovascular system transports blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes through the heart and blood vessels.
The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange between the body and the environment.
The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients for absorption and eliminates waste.
The urinary system removes waste products from the blood and maintains water and electrolyte balance.
The reproductive system produces offspring and ensures the continuation of genetic material.
The anatomical position is the standard body position: standing, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward.
Superior means toward the head or upper part of a structure.
Inferior means away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure.
Medial means toward the midline of the body.
Lateral means away from the midline of the body.
Proximal means closer to the origin of a body part or point of attachment.
Distal means farther from the origin of a body part or point of attachment.
Anterior or ventral means toward the front of the body.
Posterior or dorsal means toward the back of the body.
The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Mitochondria are organelles that produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
The nucleus contains the cell's DNA and controls cellular activities.