뒤로Anatomy & Physiology Vocabulary Chapters 2-4
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The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
Two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
A structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific tasks.
A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions for the body.
The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
Metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, requiring energy.
Metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units, releasing energy.
A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up chemical reactions.
A measure of hydrogen ion concentration; ranges from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic), with 7 being neutral.
A substance that helps maintain stable pH by neutralizing acids or bases.
Organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; primary energy source for cells.
Hydrophobic organic molecules including fats, oils, and steroids; important for energy storage and cell membranes.
Polymers of amino acids that perform structural, enzymatic, and regulatory functions.
Macromolecules (DNA and RNA) that store and transmit genetic information.
A phospholipid bilayer that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell; generate ATP through cellular respiration.
The passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy (ATP).
Deoxyribonucleic acid; the molecule that carries genetic instructions for development and function.
Ribonucleic acid; involved in protein synthesis and gene expression.
Adenosine triphosphate; the primary energy carrier in cells.
The concept that enzymes catalyze only specific reactions with specific substrates.
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
A weak bond between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, important in water and DNA structure.