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Appendicular Skeleton Anatomy

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  • What is the appendicular skeleton?
    The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the limbs and the girdles (pectoral and pelvic) that attach them to the axial skeleton.
  • Which bones make up the pectoral girdle?
    The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle and scapula bones.
  • Name the bones of the upper limb.
    The upper limb bones include the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
  • What bones form the pelvic girdle?
    The pelvic girdle is formed by two hip bones, each consisting of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
  • List the bones of the lower limb.
    The lower limb bones include the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
  • What is the function of the clavicle?
    The clavicle acts as a strut to hold the scapula and arm away from the thorax, allowing arm mobility.
  • Describe the scapula's key features.
    The scapula has the spine, acromion, coracoid process, and glenoid cavity for muscle attachment and articulation with the humerus.
  • What is the humerus?
    The humerus is the single long bone of the upper arm, articulating proximally with the scapula and distally with the radius and ulna.
  • Difference between radius and ulna?
    The radius is lateral (thumb side) and rotates around the ulna, which is medial and forms the main elbow joint.
  • How many carpal bones are there and where are they located?
    There are 8 carpal bones located in the wrist between the forearm and the hand.
  • What are metacarpals?
    Metacarpals are the five bones forming the palm of the hand.
  • How many phalanges are in each hand?
    Each hand has 14 phalanges: 3 in each finger and 2 in the thumb.
  • What bones fuse to form the hip bone?
    The ilium, ischium, and pubis fuse to form each hip bone.
  • What is the femur?
    The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body, forming the thigh.
  • What is the patella and its function?
    The patella is the kneecap, a sesamoid bone that protects the knee joint and improves leverage of thigh muscles.
  • Difference between tibia and fibula?
    The tibia is the larger, weight-bearing bone of the lower leg; the fibula is thinner and mainly for muscle attachment.
  • How many tarsal bones are in the foot?
    There are 7 tarsal bones in the ankle and proximal foot.
  • What are metatarsals?
    Metatarsals are the five long bones forming the middle part of the foot.
  • How many phalanges are in each foot?
    Each foot has 14 phalanges: 3 in each toe except the big toe, which has 2.
  • What is the main function of the appendicular skeleton?
    The appendicular skeleton facilitates movement and supports the attachment of muscles for locomotion.