Skip to main content
뒤로

Blood and Circulatory System - Anatomy & Physiology

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
1/21

이 집합의 용어 (21)

  • What are the main functions of the circulatory system?
    Transport of nutrients, gases, and wastes; Protection through immune responses; and Regulation of body temperature and pH.
  • What are the two main components of blood?
    Plasma (liquid portion) and formed elements (cells and cell fragments).
  • What percentage of blood is plasma and what does it contain?
    About 55% of blood is plasma, composed of 92% water, 7% proteins, and 1% other solutes like nutrients, wastes, hormones, and gases.
  • What are the three major plasma proteins and their roles?
    Albumin (transports solutes, buffers pH, affects viscosity), Globulins (immune defense and transport), and Fibrinogen (clotting).
  • What is hematopoiesis?
    The continuous production of formed elements in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
  • What are erythrocytes and their main functions?
    Red blood cells that transport oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs.
  • Describe the structure of erythrocytes.
    Bi-concave discs with no nucleus or organelles, allowing more space for hemoglobin and efficient gas exchange.
  • What is hemoglobin and its function?
    An iron-containing protein in RBCs that binds oxygen; each iron atom binds one oxygen molecule.
  • Why do erythrocytes rely on anaerobic fermentation for ATP?
    Because they lack mitochondria, preventing them from using oxygen for energy, which preserves oxygen for transport.
  • What is the typical lifespan of an erythrocyte?
    About 120 days, after which they are broken down and recycled.
  • What is sickle-cell anemia?
    A genetic disorder where abnormal hemoglobin causes RBCs to become crescent-shaped, leading to impaired oxygen transport.
  • What are leukocytes and their primary role?
    White blood cells that defend the body against infection and remove debris.
  • Name the two main categories of leukocytes.
    Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and Agranulocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes).
  • What is leukopoiesis?
    The production of white blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells.
  • What are platelets and their function?
    Small cell fragments from megakaryocytes that play a key role in blood clotting.
  • What are the three stages of hemostasis?
    Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation (blood clotting).
  • How does coagulation differ from agglutination?
    Coagulation involves fibrin forming a mesh to trap cells; agglutination is RBCs clumping due to antibody-antigen binding.
  • What determines human blood types?
    The presence or absence of specific antigens on RBC surfaces and corresponding antibodies in plasma.
  • Describe the ABO blood group system.
    Type A has A antigens and anti-B antibodies; Type B has B antigens and anti-A antibodies; Type AB has both antigens and no antibodies; Type O has no antigens and both antibodies.
  • What is the universal donor and universal recipient blood type?
    Universal donor: Type O (no antigens); Universal recipient: Type AB (no antibodies).
  • What is the Rh factor in blood typing?
    An antigen that is either present (+) or absent (-); Rh-negative individuals produce antibodies only if exposed to Rh-positive blood.