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Cell Life Cycle and Mitosis - Anatomy & Physiology

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  • What are the sub-phases of Interphase?

    G1 phase: cell growth and normal functions.
    S phase: DNA replication.
    G2 phase: preparation for mitosis.

  • What happens during the G1 phase of Interphase?

    Cell grows, performs normal metabolic functions, and prepares for DNA synthesis.

  • What occurs in the S phase of Interphase?

    DNA replication occurs, doubling the genetic material in preparation for cell division.

  • What is the main activity during the G2 phase of Interphase?

    Cell prepares for mitosis by producing proteins and organelles needed for division.

  • List the phases of Mitosis in order.

    Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

  • What occurs during Prophase in mitosis?

    Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle fibers form.

  • Describe the Metaphase stage of mitosis.

    Chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plate, attached to spindle fibers.

  • What happens during Anaphase in mitosis?

    Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell.

  • Explain Telophase in mitosis.

    Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelopes reform around each set of chromosomes.

  • What is Cytokinesis and when does it occur?

    Division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells, usually occurs after Telophase.

  • Define apoptosis.

    Apoptosis is programmed cell death, a controlled process to remove damaged or unnecessary cells.

  • Define necrosis.

    Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death caused by injury or disease, often resulting in inflammation.

  • How does apoptosis differ from necrosis?

    Apoptosis is a regulated, clean cell death without inflammation; necrosis is uncontrolled and causes inflammation.

  • Why is apoptosis important in the cell life cycle?

    It removes damaged or unneeded cells to maintain tissue health and development.

  • What role do spindle fibers play in mitosis?

    They attach to chromosomes and help separate sister chromatids during cell division.

  • What is the significance of DNA replication in the S phase?

    Ensures each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes after division.

  • What cellular structures are duplicated during G2 phase?

    Organelles and proteins necessary for mitosis and cell division are produced.

  • What happens to the nuclear envelope during Prophase?

    It breaks down to allow spindle fibers to interact with chromosomes.

  • What is the function of the centrioles during mitosis?

    They organize spindle fibers that separate chromosomes during cell division.

  • What ensures chromosomes are properly aligned during Metaphase?

    Spindle fibers attach to centromeres and align chromosomes at the metaphase plate.