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Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue

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이 집합의 용어 (10)

  • What are the 8 functions of Muscles?

    Muscles:

    1. Produce movement

    2. Maintain posture

    3. Support soft tissues

    4. Guard body openings

    5. Maintain body temperature

    6. Store nutrients

    7. Stabilize joints

    8. Communicate

  • Define Origin and Insertion.

    Origin: Attachment that usually doesn't move

    Insertion: Attachment that moves

  • Define: Sarcolemma, Myofibrils, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, T -tubules, Triad.

    • Sarcolemma: Muscle cell membrane.

    • Myofibrils: Tiny fibers that make muscles contract.

    • Sarcoplasmic reticulum: Stores and releases calcium.

    • T -tubules: Carry the electrical signal deep into the muscle.

    • Triad: One T tubule + Two terminal cisternae.

  • Define Tropomyosin and Troponin

    Tropomyosin: Blocks the myosin-binding sites on actin when muscle is relaxed.

    Troponin: Binds calcium.

  • What is the function of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum?

    It stores and releases calcium.

  • What structure increases the surface area of the Muscle Fiber?

    T-tubules

  • Know the components of a Neuromuscular Junction:

    Axon terminal: End of the neuron.

    Synaptic cleft: Tiny gap between neuron and muscle.

    Sarcolemma: Muscle cell membrane.

    Junctional folds: Folds of the sarcolemma that increase surface area and contain many ACh receptors.

  • Understand the steps which occur at the NMJ during a nerve stimulus:

    Action potential arrive

    Calcium channels open

    ACh released from vesicle

    ACh deposited into synaptic cleft via exocytosis

    ACh attaches to receptor on sarcolemma

    Sodium floods into sarcolemma, Potassium diffuses out

    Charge difference cause end plate potential

    ACh is broken down by acetylcholinesterase

  • Cross-bridge cycle: Why is calcium important?

    Calcium binds to troponin.

    That moves tropomyosin away.

    This exposes the binding sites on actin.

    Then myosin can attach.

  • What does ATP do to the myosin head?

    1. ATP binds myosin → myosin lets go of actin

    2. ATP is broken down → re-cocks/energizes myosin head