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Chapter 16: The Blood

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이 집합의 용어 (55)

  • What are the 3 basic functions of blood?

    1. Transportation

    2. Regulation

    3. Protection

  • What is transported in the blood?

    Hormones, waste/nutrients, O2/CO2, Proteins, Cholesterol

  • What is regulated by blood?

    Body temperature and pH

  • What are the different ways of protection through blood?

    Clotting, Immune cells, Immunoglobulins

  • What are the two major compositions of whole blood?

    1. Plasma

    2. Formed elements

  • What are the formed elements in whole blood?

    1. Erythrocyte

    2. Leukocyte

    3. Thrombocyte (Platelet)

  • What % of erythrocyte is in whole blood?

    45%

  • What % of leukocytes is in whole blood?

    less than 1%

  • What % of thrombocytes is in whole blood?

    less than 1%

  • What % of plasma is in whole blood?

    55%

  • What is the most dense component in whole blood when spun in a centrifuge?

    Erythrocytes

  • What is the middle dense component in whole blood when spun in a centrifuge?

    Buffy Coat

  • What does the buffy coat contain?

    Leukocytes and thrombocytes (platelets)

  • What is the least dense component in whole blood when spun in a centrifuge?

    Plasma

  • What % of water is in plasma?

    about 90%

  • What are the different solutes that plasma has?

    1. Electrolytes

    2. Plasma proteins

    3. Nutrients

    4. Waste

    5. Hormones

    6. Dissolved gasses

  • What are the different types of plasma proteins?

    1. Albumins

    2. Globulins

    3. Fibrinogen

  • Albumins make up what _% of the total of plasma proteins?

    about 60%

  • Globulins make up what _% of the total of plasma proteins?

    about 36%

  • Fibrinogen make up what _% of the total of plasma proteins?

    about 4%

  • Define albumins.

    Major contributor to osmotic pressure

  • Define globulins

    Transport proteins and antibodies

  • What are antibodies also know as?

    Immunoglobulins

  • Define fibrinogen.

    Are inactive. Becomes fibrin threads of blood clots

  • What is the function of red blood cells?

    carrying oxygen; hematocrit

  • What is the function of leukocytes?

    Immunity

  • What is the function of thrombocytes?

    Clotting

  • Define hematocrit.

    The percentage of RBC in your blood

  • What is the structure of erythrocytes?

    1. Small, flexible, biconcave discs

    2. Lack nuclei

    3. Lack mitochondria

    4. Filled with hemoglobin

  • How does erythrocytes create energy?

    Glycolysis

  • Does erythrocytes use oxygen to create ATP?

    No they only carry it. They do not use it.

  • What is hemoglobin

    Pigmented protein

  • The biconcave structure of erythrocytes help the cell by...

    Increasing the surface area to volume ratio

  • What are the functions of erythrocytes?

    Transportation of gases (O2 and CO2)

  • What is majority bounded to hemoglobin?

    Oxygen

    • Oxyhemoglobin

    • Deoxyhemoglobin

  • What is bounded to hemoglobin?

    Oxygen (majority) and CO2 (20%)

  • What is bound to hemoglobin that only takes up about 20%?

    CO2

    • Carbaminohemoglobin

  • Define oxyhemoglobin.

    hemoglobin + O2

  • Define deoxyhemoglobin.

    Hemoglobin - O2

  • Define carbaminohemoglobin.

    CO2 binds directly to the amino groups of polypeptide chains in hemoglobin

  • What is the structure of hemoglobin?

    1. Quaternary structure

    2. Globin portion

    3. 4 Heme units

  • What are the globin portions in hemoglobin.

    1. 2 alpha chains

    2. 2 beta chains

    3. Each chain binds a heme unit

  • Define hemoglobin.

    Iron-rich protein in RBC's

  • What are the 4 heme units in hemoglobin?

    1. Pigmented portions

    2. Each has a central Fe2+

    • Each binds O2

  • How many O2 can hemoglobin bind?

    4 O2 molecules

  • Define hematopoiesis.

    Process of blood cell production.

  • Hematopoiesis arise from...

    Arise from hemocytoblasts

  • Hemocytoblasts is also known as...

    Hematopoietic stem cells

  • Define erythropoiesis.

    Process of red blood cell production

  • Define leukopoiesis.

    Process of white blood cell productions

  • Define thrombopoiesis.

    Process of platelet production

  • Where does hematopoiesis occur?

    Occurs in red bone marrow

  • What are the steps of erythropoiesis?

    1. Hematopoietic stem cells

    2. Myeloid stem cells

    3. Proerythroblast

    4. Erythroblast

    5. Reticulocyte

    6. Mature Erythrocyte

  • What are the stages of an erythroblast (Developmental pathway) in the steps of erythropoiesis?

    1. Basophilic erythroblast

    2. Polychromatic erythroblast

    3. Orthochromatic erythroblasts

  • What is the development pathway of Erythropoiesis?

    Phase 1: Ribosome synthesis

    Phase 2: Hemoglobin accumulation

    Phase 3: Ejection of nucleus