Chapter 3 - Tissues and Early Embryology (Exam I)

What are the 3 specializations of epithelial cells (apical features)

Function of microvilli

Function of ciliated epithelium

What is stercocilia

how does the epithelium maintain it's integrity

What are the classifications of epithelia

what part of a stratified epithelium do you look at to classify its shape

which epithelial shape has circular nucleli

which epithelial shape looks like a fried egg

which epithelial shape is rare

which epithelial shape has egg-shaped nuceli and has a distinct north and south pole

where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium found typically?

what are the 3 different types of exocrine glands

____ glands secrete watery fluids rich in enzymes

____ glands secrete glycoproteins called mucins that absorb water to form mucus

____ glands contain cells capable of bot serous and mucous secretions, and therefore secrete both

___ mechanism of glandular secretions works by creating secretory vesicles, packaging them, and releasing them via exocytosis; which gland is an example of this

___ mechanism of glandular secretions works by shedding the apical portion of the cell; what is an example of this

____ mechanism of glandular secretions works by packing the cell full of secretory products until it bursts open; what is an example of this

are connective tissues open to the environment?

What are the 3 main components of all connective tissue

The matrix is a collective term for the extracellular component of any connective tissue that's made up of the ___ ____ and the ____ ____

The matrix can be full of ____ or be relatively _____

what are the 3 main types of connective tissue

____ are stationary and involved with local maintenance, repair, and energy storage; these include fibrocytes, fibroblasts, fixed macrophages, adipocytes, mesenchymal cells, and melanocytes

____ produce connective tissue fibers

___ maintain connective tissue fibers and matrix

_____ store lipid reserves

____ synthesize melanin

_____ help defend and repair damaged tissues; include free macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and cosinophils

____ are mobile/traveling phagocytic cells (derived from monocytes of the blood)

____ stimulate local inflammation via release of histamine and heparin

____ participate in immune response by developing into plasma cells that produce abx

____ and ____ and small, phagocytic blood cells that mobilize during infection of tissue injury

What are the 2 types of connective tissue proper

What are the2 types of fluid connective tissue

What are the 2 types of supporting connective tissue

Which fibers make up the connective tissue proper

_____ are very long, cylindrical fibers made up of 3 subunits (reticular fibers) coiled around one another

_____ the most common and strongest fiber

_____ and ____ BOTH have collagen proteins

____ fibers are a single unit of collage proteins

____ fibers contain the protein elastin

reticular fiber = ____ collagen fiber(s)

___ reticular fiber(s) = collagen fiber

What are the 3 types of LOOSE connective tissue

LACT or loose areolar connective tissue, is made up of what 3 materials

LACT ___organs, provides ____ but permits independent movement; ____ cells provide defense against pathogens

adipose tissue provides ____ and ___ shocks; ____ (reduces heat loss); and ___ energy

what are the 2 types of dense connective tissue propers

3 locations of DRCT (and their descriptions)

3 locations of DICT

what are the fibers in DRCT

Function of DRCT: provides firm ____

conducts ____ of muscles

reduces ____ between muscles

____ relative positions of bones

Function of DICT:

provides ____ to resist forces applied from ___ direction (s)

helps prevent ____ of organs such as the urinary bladder

Blood is a fluid connective tissue containing a matrix called ____ and various types of cells, or formed elements. What are examples of these formed elements

The lymph empties into the ____

____ if water and small solutes filtered out of capillaries to bath body's cells

___ contain few cells, high amounts of fiber, and a ground substance that may contain insoluble calcium salts

what are the 3 types of cartilage; which is the most common

____ are little lakes where cells live; are they present in all types of cartilage and bone?

hyaline cartilage provides ___ but somewhat ____ support; reduces ___ between bony surfaces

which cartilage is the most flexible

elastic cartilage provides ____, but tolerates _____ without damage and ____ to original shape

fibrous cartilage ____ compression

____ bone-to-bone contact

____ relative movement

Where is it located?

as we age, we lose ____% of water in intervertebral discs, which ____ up the fibers, causing older people to become _____

what are the two types of bone

____ are little canals/spaces that connect osteocytes to each other

___ are the rings of osteons

what are the 4 types of membranes

____ are wet membranes with a connection to the exterior; act as barrier that resists entry or pathogens

_____ are membranes that line the ventral body cavity

___ is a thick, dry, water-resistant membrane

_____ are membranes that consist of LACT with an incomplete layer of overlying epithelium

_____ fascia is continuous

fatty tissue aka ____; below to which type of fascia?

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue

____ cells are long, cylindrical, striated and multinucleate

Located at ____ of digestive , respiratory, urinary tracts

generates ____

_____ internal organs

_____ cells are short, branched, and striated; usually with a single nucleus; cells are interconnected by intercalated discs

located at ____

____blood, maintains _____

____ cells are short, spindle-shaped, and nonstriated with a single, central nucleus

located at ____ of blood vessels and in ____, ___, ___, ___ organs

____ food, urine, and reproductive tract secretions

controls ____ of respiratory passageways

regulates ___ of blood vessels

are there nerves in the brain or spinal cord?

What are the two types of neural tissue cells; what are neural tissues known as

____ are the cells that transmit the electrical signals

____ are the supporting cells of the neural tissue

neurons don't have ____ because they rarely replicate; and do so with great difficulty

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands

what are goblet cells