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chapter 4

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
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이 집합의 용어 (19)

  • what is cytology

    the study of cells

  • microscopy

    the use of a microscope to view small small scaled structure

  • light microscope

    2D image and light passes through the specimen

  • apoptosis

    occurs in orderly continuous steps; destroys and removes cellular components and cell remnants; initiated by ___ligand_________-receptor signaling.

  • Actions initiated by enzymes during apoptosis

    • Destruction of DNA________ polymerase

    • Digestion of DNA________

    • Digestion of the ____cyroskeleton________

    • Condensation of cytosol and destruction of organelles

    • Formation of ___blebs_________ (bubbles)

    • Initiation of other signals to stimulate destruction of the cell

  • programmed cell death (apoptosis) occurs for two reasons

    promote proper development and remove harmful cells

  • aging

    cells don't work as good as they used too, cells slow down

  • Four consecutive phases of mitosis

    prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

  • prophase

    • DNA packs tightly: Loose chromatin coils into visible, X-shaped chromosomes.

    • The nucleus dismantles: The nucleolus fades away and the protective nuclear envelope breaks down.

    • The machine builds: Spindle fibers grow out from the centrioles to prepare for moving the chromosomes.

  • uniporter

    carrier transport only one substance

  • carrier mediated diffusion

    smaller polar molecules carrier membrane via carrier protein, blinding causes shape change, unipolar

  • osmosis

    movement of water only, passive movement of water through selectively permeable membrane(membrane allows passage of water), differences in water concentration on both sides

  • gated channel

    usually closed, opens in response to stimulus for fraction of a second

  • leak channel

    continuously open

  • channel mediated diffusion

    movement of small ions through protein channel, two channels, leak and gated

  • facilities diffusion

    transport for small charged or polar solutes and plasma membrane requires protein, two channels, channel mediates diffusions and carrier mediated diffusion

  • simple diffusion

    molecules pas between phospholipid molecules, small and non polar solutes, depends on concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached

  • rate of diffusion depends on

    difference in concentration between the two meaning a steeper gradient causes a faster rate of diffusion and a higher temperature create a faster diffusion

  • diffusion

    net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached